The link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma: A prospective population‐based study. The Copenhagen Allergy Study

Abstract

Background: It has been hypothesized that allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are manifestations of the same disease entity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.Methods: Participants in a population‐based study of 15–69‐year‐olds in 1990 were invited to a follow‐up in 1998. A total of 734 subjects were examined on two occasions eight years apart. Allergic rhinitis to pollen was defined as a history of nasal symptoms on exposure to pollens and IgE specific to pollen. Allergic asthma to pollen was defined as a history of lower airway symptoms on exposure to pollens and IgE specific to pollen. Similarly, diagnoses of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma to animals or mite were defined.Results: At follow‐up, all subjects with allergic asthma to pollen (n = 52) had in addition allergic rhinitis to pollen. In the longitudinal analysis, there were a total of 28 new (incident) cases of allergic asthma to pollen. They all had allergic rhinitis to pollen at baseline, or had developed allergic rhinitis to pollen at follow‐up. Accordingly, allergic rhinitis to animals and mite were ubiquitous in subjects with allergic asthma to animals and mite, respectively.Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are manifestations of the same disease entity.

Cypress pollen allergy is responsible for two distinct phenotypes of allergic rhinitis different from other pollinosis

“…This was confirmed in 2014 by Ciprandi and colleagues, stating that patients showing bronchial hyperresponsiveness had significantly more frequent mite allergy (11). In the same way, Linneberg and coworkers reported asthma in 25% of patients with allergic rhinitis who were pollen-sensitive and in 50% of those patients who were mite-sensitive or animal-sensitive (12). Ciprandi demonstrated that bronchial hyperresponsiveness was present in 50% of seasonal allergic rhinitis patients and in 70% of patients experiencing perennial symptoms (13).…”

“…Allergic rhinitis and asthma are airways diseases that often occur concomitantly. Epidemiological evidence from studies conducted in industrialized countries show that 60 to 98.9% of asthmatics patients have concomitant rhinitis and that 20 to 40% of rhinitics patients show clinical evidence of asthma (12,(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

“…Disease duration was 13.6 ± 9 years. lergen involved (10)(11)(12)(13). Within pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, importance has to be paid to the pollen species (14,15).…”

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008*

“…The prevalence of asthma in subjects without rhinitis is usually <2%. The prevalence of asthma in patients with rhinitis varies from 10% to 40% depending on the study (67,(1882)(1883)(1884). Patients with a sensitization to indoor and outdoor allergens are more prone to have asthma as a co-morbidity than those with indoor or outdoor allergy (1883).…”

Strategies of mucosal immunotherapy for allergic diseases

“…2-4 Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis in children have been reported to be significant risk factors for subsequent development of asthma. [5][6][7] The treatment of allergic diseases is based on allergen avoidance, pharmacological treatment and immunotherapy. In the pharfmacological therapy of atopic dermatitis, only symptomatic anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatments, local or systemic, exist.…”