The Limit of the ‘Last’ Glaciation in North Norfolk

Straw, Allan

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(60)80021-1

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Examination of the terrain between the north slope of the Cromer Ridge and the North Sea, shows a clearly-defined set of short valleys draining northwards to be truncated by the present coastline. The repetitive morphology of the valley networks suggests that the northern 'ice-contact' slope of the Cromer Ridge is indeed an erosional form as proposed by Straw (1960), and that the sharp break in slope at the head of the valleys is a function of the lithology of the sediments with better drained sorted sediments and sandy diamictons overlying the clay and silt rich chalky diamicton that forms the valley bottoms. Survival of the Cromer Ridge as a moraine can be explained by the size of the original feature although it is clear that there is no clear relationship between the glacitectonics and the modern morphology of the landform.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The sharp, steep, crenellate slope around the western margins of the Kelling and Salthouse fans, and the northern margin of these fans and the Cromer Ridge is what has been interpreted as the ice-contact slope. Straw (1960) first speculated that these landforms are of glacigenic origin, but acknowledged that the deposits of which they are composed are not the same materials as those deposited during the last glaciation (Devenisan, MIS 2). He therefore suggested that the kames and ice-contact slopes were formed by differential erosion relating to the texture of the materials.…”

Section: Morphostratigraphic Interpretations Of the Glacial History Omentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

Lee

Phillips

Booth

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent investigations from modern environments demonstrate that many terminal moraines do not simply record a single glacial maximum, but instead reveal a complex pattern of ice-marginal behaviour including polyphase retreat. Within this study, we examine the geomorphology, geology and internal structure of a terminal moraine complex -the 'Cromer Ridge' in north Norfolk to reconstruct patterns of ice-marginal behaviour. Previously, this landform was interpreted as the limit of a southern extension of the British Ice Sheet during a Middle Pleistocene glaciation. Evidence presented here reveals a more complicated pattern of ice-marginal behaviour with the 'Cromer Ridge' reinterpreted as a 'complex' comprising several ridge elements. We propose that the maximum ice extent lay further to the south, with the size and morphology of the largest ridge element (the 'Cromer Ridge' as previously defined) a facet of thrust-stacking at an ice-marginal stillstand. We recognise multiple oscillations of the ice-front recorded against a twelve-stage model for the decay of the southern margins of a fast-flowing lobe of North Sea ice. Changes in ice-marginal dynamics are identified by the superimposition and lateral and vertical evolution of glacitectonic styles. Differences between these various states, and switches between 'shallow' and 'deep' thinskinned glacitectonics, are strongly influenced by sub-marginal and proglacial water availability. Examination of the evidence for the morphostratigraphic proposals for the glacitectonic assemblage, within the context of the above interpretation, suggests that many of the 'glacigenic landforms' are erosional and a MIS 12 age of formation is favored although several anomalies remain to be explained. IntroductionTerminal moraines are an important landform within the glacial landsystem and are widely recognised within both contemporary (Boulton et al., 1996(Boulton et al., , 1999Bennett, 2001; Evans and Twigg, 2002; Evans, 2005;Benediktsson et al., 2010) and relict glacial environments (van der Meer, 1987; Lee, J.R., Phillips, E., Booth, S.J., Rose, J., Jordan, H.M., Pawley, S.M., Warren, M., Lawley, R.S. 2013. A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 124, 753-777. PRE-PROOF ACCEPTEF MANUSCRIPT.2 Hart, 1990;Van der Wateren, 1995;Harris et al., 1997;Phillips et al., 2002;Wilson, 2002;Thomas and Chiverrell, 2007;Johnson et al., 2013). Previously, they have been considered as providing a visible record of a maximum extent of glacier advance, although many now consider them to provide a more dynamic record of glacier retreat (e.g. Thomas, 1984;Thomas et al., 2004;Thomas and Chiverrell, 2007;Lüthgens and Böse, 2011; Clark et al., 2012).The formation of terminal moraines typically involves the complex interplay between ice-marginal to sub-marginal sedimentation and glacitectonics; the latter including proglacial and sub-margina...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Morphostratigraphic Interpretations Of the Glacial History Omentioning

confidence: 99%

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

Lee

Phillips

Booth

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(c) Site locations for OSL sampling. The LGM ice limit is also shown (Straw, 1960;Brand et al, 2002;Andrews et al, 2002;Pawley et al, 2006). Fig.…”

Section: (B) Extent Of Multiple Pleistocene Ice Advances In Easternmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The sediment-landform association has been interpreted as a proglacial lake and ice-marginal drainage channel following the encroachment of an ice lobe into the valley. Sand and gravel sheets that line the valley floor were interpreted by Straw (1960) to represent marginal deposits of a proglacial lake which drained westwards parallel to the ice margin and cut a deep gorge through an interfluve at Ringstead Downs. The luminescence samples were taken from mechanically dug trenches into the proglacial lake sediments.…”

Section: Site Stratigraphy and Osl Sample Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

Pawley

Bailey

Rose

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lowland region of north Norfolk contains some of the best preserved evidence for glacial deposition during the Middle Pleistocene in northwest Europe.Despite the importance of these deposits, there is limited chronological control and it is debated whether they belong to a single glaciation, equated to the Anglian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 12), or represent deposition over a number of Middle Pleistocene cold stages. In order to develop an improved chronology for glaciation in this region, we obtained 18 samples for optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from glacial outwash facies. Samples of coarse-grained quartz sand were measured using the SAR (single aliquot regenerative-dose) protocol. The low radioactive isotope concentrations in sediments of this region enable the traditionally accepted age limit of luminescence dating to be extended. The form of the dose response curves, pre-heat plateaux tests, and dose recovery experiments also indicate that laboratory doses can be reliably measured in these samples. Age overestimation due to partial bleaching is thought to be insignificant. The OSL ages suggest that the glacial sediments studied were deposited during MIS 12 rather than in different post MIS 12 stages.

show abstract

“…Gravels west of the Killingholme Moraine are therefore the same age as Lake Humber II (Straw, 1979). To the south, Dimlington Stadial glacier ice impinged upon the area of south Lincolnshire, The Wash and northwest Norfolk as recorded by the deposition of the Hunstanton Till (Holkham Member, Lewis, 1999) which overlies Ipswichian raised beaches (Straw, 1960(Straw, , 1979Gallois, 1978). The till forms a drift limit that nowhere exceeds 37 m OD between Heacham and Morston and locally forms the Heacham Moraine/ kame.…”

Section: North East and Eastern Englandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain

Evans

Clark

Mitchell

2005

Earth-Science Reviews

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the evidence presently available (as at December 2003) in an effort to stimulate further research on the last British Ice Sheet and promote a reconstruction of ice sheet behaviour based on glacial geology and geomorphology. The wide range of evidence that has been scrutinized for inclusion on the glacial map is assessed with respect to the variability of its quality and quantity and the existing controversies in ice sheet reconstructions. Landforms interpreted as being of unequivocal ice-marginal origin (moraines, ice-contact glacifluvial landforms and lateral meltwater channels) and till sheet margins are used in conjunction with available chronological control to locate former glacier and ice-sheet margins throughout the last glacial cycle. Subglacial landforms (drumlins, flutings and eskers) have been used to demarcate former flow patterns within the ice sheet. The compilation of evidence in a regional map is crucial to any future reconstructions of palaeo-ice sheet dynamics and will provide a clearer understanding of ice sheet configuration, ice divide migration and ice thickness and coverage for the British Ice Sheet as it evolved through the last glacial cycle.2

show abstract

The Limit of the ‘Last’ Glaciation in North Norfolk

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

A polyphase glacitectonic model for ice-marginal retreat and terminal moraine development: the Middle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet, northern Norfolk, UK

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About