The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in Iceland as estimated by the US National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule

Líndal, Eiríkur; Stefánsson, Jón G.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03410.x

Cited by 72 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Age interacted with sex, with males showing higher exposure with age but no systematic age-related PTSD; female exposure did not shift with age, yet lifetime PTSD was lowest in the oldest group (8.9%), suggesting cohort factors that implicate beliefs. A significant Icelandic study using similar criteria found all PTSD cases were female, with 1.3% affected (19); the contrasting US-Icelandic rates suggest cultural factors.…”

Section: Beliefs and Cognitive Distortionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual Differences in Posttraumatic Distress: Problems with the DSM-IV Model

Bowman

1999

Can J Psychiatry

122

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Section: Beliefs and Cognitive Distortionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime prevalence ofPTSD is quite low in the general US population, with 5% of men and 10% of women meeting the criteria (13); in Iceland, the rate in a more inclusive sample was only 0.6% (19).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Toxic Life Events and Posttraumatic Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Posttraumatic Distress: Problems with the DSM-IV Model

Bowman

1999

Can J Psychiatry

122

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“…Although this premise is now widely accepted in adults, [1][2][3][4][5] supporting data in children and adolescents have accumulated more gradually. 6 -12 Several studies of adolescents have found lifetime prevalence rates for OCD 6 -12 ranging from 1.9% to 4.1% with reported rates of subclinical symptoms as high as 19%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist: Specificity, Sensitivity, and Predictive Power

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To create an obsessive-compulsive disorder subscale (OCS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and to determine its internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power to identify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents.Methods. Three samples of equal size (n ‫؍‬ 73) of children and adolescents, matched for age, gender, and race, were selected for these analyses: 1) a clinically ascertained OCD group, 2) a psychiatrically treated group whose records revealed no evidence of OCD, and 3) a general population control group. An OCS was created by applying factor analysis to 11 CBCL items. Examinations of internal consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were undertaken.Results. Of 11 items hypothesized to predict OCD, 8 items were retained after factor analyses (smallest factor loading: 0.49) and used to calculate OCS scores. The retained items displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ␣ coefficient ‫؍‬ 0.84). OCD participants had significantly higher OCS scores than either psychiatrically treated or general population control groups. With the use of the 2 cutoff scores closest to the true rate of OCD in the overall sample, sensitivity was 75.3% to 84.9%, specificity was 82.2% to 92.5%, positive predictive value was 70.5% to 83.3%, and negative predictive value was 88.2% to 91.6%.Conclusion. The performance of the proposed CBCL OCS compares favorably with that of the only previously studied screening instrument for OCD, the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version. Unlike the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version, the CBCL is already in widespread use as a screen for most other forms of psychopathology. As the performance of the CBCL OCS will need to be replicated in other sample populations, data with various cutoff levels are provided to enable investigators and clinicians to tailor its use to specific study populations. Pediatrics 2001;108(1). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/1/e14; Child Behavior Checklist, obsessive-compulsive disorder, screening.ABBREVIATIONS. OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; CY-BOCS, Children's Yale-Brown Obsessional Scale; LOI-CV, Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; OCS, obsessive-compulsive subscale; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; DSM-III-R, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. O bsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a much more prevalent illness than previously appreciated. Although this premise is now widely accepted in adults, 1-5 supporting data in children and adolescents have accumulated more gradually. 6 -12 Several studies of adolescents have found lifetime prevalence rates for OCD 6 -12 ranging from 1.9% to 4.1% with reported rates of subclinical symptoms as high as 19%. 11 This work, reports on autoimmune-mediated OCD symp...

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“…An inexperienced instructor might easily overestimate the abilities of a novice person. Such an overestimation could lead to a near-drowning accident with a significant impact on the mental status of the participant since it could lead to aquaphobia, a type of anxiety disorder (Lindal and Stefansson 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

Varveri

Flouris

Smirnios

et al. 2016

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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We developed and validated an aquaticity assessment test (AAT) for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. Forty-six volunteers (25M/21F; 20±8 years,) participated and performed 10 easy-to-administer and practical aquatic tasks. Group A was formed by 36 elite athletes (M/F 20/16, 24.7±10yrs) from two sports categories depending on their affinity to the water environment: terrestrial (wrestling, cycling, dancing) and aquatic (swimming, synchronized swimming, free diving) sports. Group B was formed by 10 non-athlete participants (5M/5F, 14.4±1.4yrs) and was assessed by two independent evaluators. Participants in Group A performed the aquatic tasks once to develop the final AAT items and cutoffs. Participants in Group B performed the aquatic tasks twice on different days to assess repeatability. Factor analysis recommended all 10 aquatic tasks to be included in the final AAT, resulting in scores ranging from 9.5-49.5. The AAT scores were statistically different between the terrestrial and the aquatic sports' participants (p<0.001). The duration of the test was 25 minutes from the time of water entry. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses demonstrated that the cutoffs for low and high aquaticity levels in this sample were ≤23.7 and ≥43.3, respectively. Reliability analyses demonstrated that the aquaticity scores obtained on different days and by different examiners highly correlated (p<0.001) and were not significantly different (p>0.05). The AAT appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of human physical adequacy in the water. It is an easy and user-friendly test which can be performed in any swimming pool without a need for highly trained staff and specialized equipment, however more research needs to be done in order to be applied in other population group.4

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The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in Iceland as estimated by the US National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Individual Differences in Posttraumatic Distress: Problems with the DSM-IV Model

Individual Differences in Posttraumatic Distress: Problems with the DSM-IV Model

Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist: Specificity, Sensitivity, and Predictive Power

Developing and testing an instrument to assess aquaticity in humans

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