The level of cathepsin B in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

This investigation examined gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of lysosomal cystein protease, cathepsin B (CAB), during human orthodontic tooth movement. The study included 10 patients (five males, mean age 22.5 +/- 2.8 years and five females, mean age 23.4 +/- 3.9 years), each having one tooth undergoing orthodontic movement, while the contralateral and antagonist teeth were used as the controls. The GCF was sampled at the control and treatment (compression) sites before activation and at 1, 24, and 168 hours. Prevention of plaque-induced inflammation allowed this study to focus on the dynamics of mechanically stimulated CAB levels in GCF. The CAB levels in GCF were determined by fluorospectrometry, using Z-Arg-Arg-MCA as the substrate and by Western blotting analysis. The GCF levels of CAB for the treated teeth were significantly (P< 0.001) higher than those of the control teeth at 24 hours. At the control sites, CAB levels at 24 hours did not change significantly with time. At the experimental site where orthodontic forces were applied, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the molecular forms were 29 kDa mature enzymes. These results indicate that the amount of CAB in GCF is increased by orthodontic tooth movement. This increased CAB may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation in response to mechanical stress.

Leptin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The analysis of GCF is a useful and promising method to monitor the changes at a single site during a certain method. 4,5,10 We used the same time intervals of 0, 1, 24, and 168 hours after initiation of orthodontic tooth movement as did previous studies of GCF samples.…”

“…4,5,10 We used the same time intervals of 0, 1, 24, and 168 hours after initiation of orthodontic tooth movement as did previous studies of GCF samples. 1,3,6,7 It has been reported that maintenance of oral hygiene is possible during orthodontic treatment. 20 However, other studies have not shown similar results in terms of gingival conditions.…”

“…Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Therefore, biochemical analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has provided a noninvasive model for investigating the cellular response of the underlying PDL during orthodontic tooth movement in vivo. 10 In the GCF, several substances such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, b 2 microglobulin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase have been found to be significantly elevated in teeth undergoing orthodontic forces compared with untreated controls.…”

Biomarkers of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Systematic Review

“…High levels of CAB in as early as 24 hours is reflective of the clinical inflammatory process during the primary stages of orthodontic treatment. 53 The subsequent increment of CAB by 1 month post-treatment is indicative of the biological activity of decomposing the exposed collagen fiber and collagen degradation by-product.…”

Alteração no volume do fluido gengival durante a retração de caninos superiores

“…Moreover, the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontal ligament is fast, with changes occurring in minutes after their application. 16 It should be considered that the utilization of orthodontic braces may contribute to the increase in dental plaque and gingival inflammation, which might be related to the increased enzymatic activity of in all sites. 13 The hygiene of teeth with orthodontic appliances is difficult and toothbrushing may be complemented by chemical dental plaque control in special situations, such as in patients submitted to orthognathic surgery.…”