The Legalization of Recreational Marijuana: How Likely Is the Worst‐Case Scenario?

Anderson, D. Mark; Rees, Daniel I.

doi:10.1002/pam.21727

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Some have argued that marijuana legalization will increase use [13–15], yet there are data to suggest that changes may be small [4, 16–19]. Studies from Australia and the Netherlands suggest little link between the legal status of marijuana and the prevalence of use, though there was some increase in frequency of use among heavy users as well as an association between ease of access to legal marijuana outlets and increased use [15, 18, 19].…”

Section: Parents’ Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State

Kosterman

Bailey

Guttmannova

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose The recent legalization of non-medical marijuana use in several US states has unknown implications for those who are actively parenting. This study examined parents’ reactions to marijuana legalization and changes in attitudes and behaviors over time. Methods Data were from a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse sample of 395 parents in Washington State who were participating in the longitudinal Seattle Social Development Project. Participants were interviewed 15 times between 1985 (age 10) and 2014 (age 39). Adult non-medical marijuana use was legalized in Washington in 2012 and retail outlets opened in 2014. Results Results showed (a) one third of parents incorrectly believed the legal age of non-medical marijuana use to be 18; (b) significant increase in approval of adult marijuana use and decrease in perceived harm of regular use; (c) wide opposition to teen use and use around one’s children; and (d) substantial increases in frequency of use and marijuana use disorder among parents who used. Conclusions Despite increased acceptance and frequency of adult use, parents remain widely opposed to teen use but need facts and strategies for talking with their children about marijuana.

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Section: Parents’ Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State

Kosterman

Bailey

Guttmannova

et al. 2016

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Dito isto, é consensual que os preços mais baixos praticados no Colorado têm tido um impacto positivo no combate ao crime organizado. 31,[39][40][41][42] • Importância da regulamentação: É premente controlar os formatos e as concentrações dos produtos, assim como implementar regras claras de tributação, monitorização e publicidade. 41,42 • Prevenção: Evitar o consumo pelos jovens através do controle no acesso, do investimento em programas de promoção da saúde, prevenção, sensibilização e educação para os jovens e pais.…”

Section: Lições Aprendidasunclassified

“…38,39,42 • Investigação científica: Investir na investigação científi-ca prospetiva de modo a estabelecer evidências cumulativamente mais robustas. [39][40][41] • Gestão de Dados: Recolher de forma rigorosa todos os dados relacionados com o cultivo, distribuição, venda e consumo.…”

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“…40,43 • Nas localidades onde já foi legalizado o consumo de cannabis, verificou-se uma redução concomitante do consumo de álcool, dos quais os impactos na saúde pública e sociedade são significativamente mais grave. 34,38,39 • Com base nas experiências anteriormente referenciadas, é expectável uma potencial redução do número de acidentes de viação e mortes associadas; embora seja evidente que o THC prejudique as funções relacionadas com a condução, [44][45][46][47] razão pela qual seja consensual que seja proibida a utilização de veículos sob o seu efeito, a legalização de cannabis foi associada com uma queda de 13% das mortes no trânsito envolvendo álcool. 48 Importa destacar que nos cenários em que decorreu a legalização do uso de cannabis foi sempre determinado a proibição de conduzir sob efeito destas drogas.…”

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The Road towards the Responsible and Safe Legalization of Cannabis Use in Portugal

Baptista‐Leite

Ploeg

2018

Acta Med Port

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RESUMOIntrodução: Recentemente, o mundo assistiu a múltiplos exemplos de legalização do uso de cannabis para fins recreativos. Numa perspetiva de saúde pública, pela diversidade das experiências em curso, torna-se premente analisar os impactos desta legalização. Por conseguinte, este artigo tem por objetivo rever os conhecimentos acumulados nos estados e países onde o uso de cannabis é legal e ponderar sobre a pertinência de iniciar semelhante caminho para a legalização em Portugal. O objetivo é, não apenas promover a reflexão, mas também apoiar uma eventual tomada de decisão política para que possa ser devidamente informada e assente no mais avançado conhecimento científico, económico e jurídico. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão extensa da literatura, tendo-se recorrido a bases de dados e revistas científicas, tais como PubMed, bem como pesquisas de documentação institucionais, nomeadamente do OEDT e SICAD. Resultados: A revisão da literatura permitiu sistematizar informação sobre o estado da arte sobre (1) os efeitos agudos e crónicos do consumo de cannabis na saúde, (2) a situação portuguesa relacionada com o uso de cannabis e, (3) os processos e lições aprendidas após a legalização de cannabis em outros países ou estados. Face ao exposto, e de acordo com os dados apresentados, os autores argumentam favoravelmente por uma estratégia de legalização responsável do uso de cannabis em Portugal e encadeiam um conjunto de propostas concretas nesse sentido. Discussão: Partindo de uma perspetiva de saúde pública, assume-se que o interesse da presente proposta reside na redução do consumo problemático de cannabis, no combate eficaz contra o tráfico de drogas ilícitas e crime relacionado, assim como a promoção da saúde, e a prevenção de dependências e outras consequências nefastas para a saúde. Este artigo revela que os efeitos de uma estratégia de legalização responsável podem, em contraste com as crenças comuns, gerar resultados positivos em relação a estes objetivos uma vez que passará a haver um maior controle sobre o mercado, preço, qualidade e informação -para citar alguns exemplos -se a implementação ocorrer de acordo com um programa devidamente desenhado e implementado com esses fins. ABSTRACT Introduction: Recently, the world has seen examples of the legalization of cannabis for recreational purposes. Due to the diversity of experiences in progress, it is urgent to analyze the impacts of this legalization, from a public health perspective. Therefore, this article aims to review the accumulated knowledge in the states and countries where the use of cannabis is legal and to ponder over the relevance of starting a similar path towards legalization in Portugal, thus supporting political decisions to be properly informed and evidence-based. Material and Methods: An extensive literature review was performed using databases and scientific journals, such as PubMed, as well as the search of institutional documentation, including the EMCDDA and SICAD. Results: The gathered information provided insights and ...

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“…It is uncertain what impact emerging non-medical marijuana laws might have on rates of adolescent marijuana use. 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Marijuana and other Substance use before and after Washington State's Change from Legal Medical Marijuana to Legal Medical and Nonmedical Marijuana: Cohort Comparisons in a Sample of Adolescents

et al. 2016

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Background A growing number of states have new legislation extending prior legalization of medical marijuana by allowing non-medical marijuana use for adults. The potential influence of this change in legislation on adolescent marijuana and other substance use (e.g., spillover or substitution effects) is uncertain. We capitalize on an ongoing study to explore the prevalence of marijuana and other substance use in two cohorts of adolescents who experienced the non-medical marijuana law change in Washington State at different ages. Method Participants were 8th graders enrolled in targeted Tacoma, Washington public schools and recruited in two consecutive annual cohorts. The analysis sample was 238 students who completed a baseline survey in the 8th grade and a follow-up survey after the 9th grade. Between the two assessments, the second cohort experienced the Washington State non-medical marijuana law change, whereas the first cohort did not. Self-report survey data on lifetime and past month marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol use were collected. Results Multivariate multilevel modeling showed that cohort differences in the likelihood of marijuana use were significantly different from those for cigarette and alcohol use at follow-up (adjusting for baseline substance initiation). Marijuana use was higher for the second cohort than the first cohort, but this difference was not statistically significant. Rates of cigarette and alcohol use were slightly lower in the second cohort than in the first cohort. Conclusions This exploratory study found that marijuana use was more prevalent among teens shortly after the transition from medical marijuana legalization only to medical and non-medical marijuana legalization, although the difference between cohorts was not statistically significant. The findings also provided some evidence of substitution effects. The analytic technique used here may be useful for examining potential long-term effects of non-medical marijuana laws on adolescent marijuana use and substitution or spillover effects in future studies.

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The Legalization of Recreational Marijuana: How Likely Is the Worst‐Case Scenario?

Cited by 92 publications

References 49 publications

Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State

Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State

The Road towards the Responsible and Safe Legalization of Cannabis Use in Portugal

Prevalence of Marijuana and other Substance use before and after Washington State's Change from Legal Medical Marijuana to Legal Medical and Nonmedical Marijuana: Cohort Comparisons in a Sample of Adolescents

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