The legal notion of gender equality in the Czech Republic

Havelková, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.11.009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The "List of Prohibited Employment for Women Workers" annexed to Regulations on Special Protection for Women Workers (2012) specifies certain types of employment that are not open to women workers. Though the exclusion is intended to protect women workers from exposure to certain hazards, it does deprive women of employment opportunities, even to the best paid jobs in heavy industry (Havelková, 2010). China also has special protection regulations for young workers who meet the minimum working age of 16 years old, yet haven't reached the age of majority, i.e., 18 years old.…”

Section: Uneven Protection Caused By the Social Rights Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection for Migrant Workers under Evolving Occupational Health and Safety Regimes in China

2017

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Migrant workers in China are a distinctive group due to the existence of the hukou system under which they continue to face restrictions on housing, education, and health care in urban areas. The equal employment legislation does not solve the discrimination problems. Compared with their urban counterparts, migrant workers are more vulnerable, in terms of both precarity of employment and the occupational hazards that they are exposed to, and badly need OHS protection. Any weakness of OHS regime will have a disproportionately adverse effect on migrant workers.China’s OHS regime has been through constant evolution. The old prevention structure, which separated occupational health from occupational safety, was proved to be less effective in protecting migrant workers. In recognition of its deficiencies, China’s top legislature made adjustments to the OHS legal framework by enacting and updating a series of laws. The new prevention structure, unifying the occupational health administration and the occupational safety administration, represents a step forward in terms of OHS protection for migrant workers.According to worker citizenship theory, China’s OHS regime can be categorized as a direct state regulation model. It carries with it both the strengths and weaknesses of direct state regulation models. On the participation rights dimension, the lack of consultative joint OHS committees and the lack of effective collective bargaining shut migrant workers out from the decision-making process on OHS matters. On the social rights dimension, the gendered and aged-based approach becomes a hindrance for female migrant workers and young migrant workers. Furthermore, levels of enforcement vary considerably across different periods and areas, subject to the ever-changing priorities on the government’s agenda. Migrant workers are still facing tremendous obstacles and challenges in obtaining access to adequate protection under the current OHS regime in China. Future reform measures should focus on delivering OHS protection for migrant workers in the informal sector, strengthening participation, and centralizing OHS administration, especially enforcement.Les travailleurs migrants en Chine constituent un groupe distinctif à cause de l’existence du système Hukou en vertu duquel ils font face à des restrictions en matière de logement, d’éducation et de soins de santé dans les centres urbains. En comparaison de leurs homologues urbains, les travailleurs migrants sont plus vulnérables, tant en terme de précarité d’emploi qu’en termes de risques professionnels auxquels ils sont exposés, et, de ce fait, ils auraient un plus grand besoin de protection en matière de santé et sécurité au travail. En effet, toute défaillance dans ce type de protection est susceptible d’avoir des effets nocifs disproportionnés sur ces travailleurs.Le système public de protection en matière de santé et sécurité au travail (SST) en Chine a connu une certaine évolution. L’ancienne structure de prévention, laquelle créait une distinction entre santé au travail e...

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Section: Uneven Protection Caused By the Social Rights Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection for Migrant Workers under Evolving Occupational Health and Safety Regimes in China

2017

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“…However, some other issues, especially those seen as part of the private sphere (e.g. domestic violence, the gendered division of labour, LGBT [lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender] rights), have never been addressed by policy measures, negatively affecting women's status and the gender equality agenda in general (Havelková ). At this point it has to be noted that although the mentioned rights implemented in the period of socialism were state‐imposed, at the time they substantially contributed towards achieving greater formal equality between men and women and, consequently, towards the development of women's rights and the improvement of women's status in these countries (e.g.…”

Section: Enlargement and Gender Equality – The Post‐communist Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, gender equality issues were not high on the public agenda during the negotiation process and, frequently, compliance with EU legislation was just ‘mechanical’, while some countries entered the EU without entirely fulfilling conditions in this area (e.g. Hašková and Křížková ; Havelková ). Second, the EU's gender equality agenda is too narrow to bring about comprehensive changes at the level of gender practices.…”

Section: Enlargement and Gender Equality – The Post‐communist Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implementation of the gender equality agenda is strongly mediated through a set of discourses specific to each country and shaped by domestic circumstances. For example, strong neo‐liberal and conservative actors make transposition and implementation of the gender equality agenda quite difficult (Havelková ; Weiner ; Gerber , ). The existing literature on the consequences of the EU enlargement in the field of gender equality points to a number of domestic factors that have contributed to the resistance or success of post‐communist countries to implement the EU's gender equality agenda in a meaningful way.…”

Section: Enlargement and Gender Equality – The Post‐communist Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although compliance with EU legislation in the field of gender equality and antidiscrimination was one of the preconditions to enter the EU, it was not insisted upon. For example the Czech Republic entered the EU without harmonizing all directives in that field (Havelková ). Chiva () also stressed that the final monitoring report in 2003 identified gaps (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender Equality Policies and Practices in Croatia – The Interplay of Transition and Late Europeanization

2013

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This article contributes to understanding change in gender regimes in post‐communist countries. Using Croatia as a case, it juxtaposes the observed change in key indicators of the position of women in various walks of life with the context of the European gender agenda and the positions of actors involved in the national political arena and policies introduced throughout the transition period. The article reviews the previous enlargement waves and indicates that the gender agenda was added to the negotiation process rather late – primarily via the EU accession conditionality requirement. Although narrow in scope and often limited in impact to just ‘paper compliance’ with EU legislation, it opened discussions in the gender equality area in post‐communist countries and empowered women's organizations. In all the countries, the implementation of the European agenda was heavily influenced by the power and discourses of the main actors involved. The article provides a map of social actors involved, together with gender‐related policies as they have changed in three distinct periods in Croatia. The final analysis of observed practices and structures indicates very slow change and the crucial impact of structural and institutional developments as well as economic cycles, but little association of observed developments with dominant discourses or policies implemented over the past two decades.

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Conclusion: Can the EU Be a Feminist Actor?

Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm

Cin

2020

Feminist Framing of Europeanisation

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The legal notion of gender equality in the Czech Republic

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Protection for Migrant Workers under Evolving Occupational Health and Safety Regimes in China

Protection for Migrant Workers under Evolving Occupational Health and Safety Regimes in China

Gender Equality Policies and Practices in Croatia – The Interplay of Transition and Late Europeanization

Conclusion: Can the EU Be a Feminist Actor?

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