The legacy of country-level experience of armed conflict on emancipative value preferences: A global cross-national study

Echeverría, Nohemi; Hemmerechts, Kenneth; Kavadias, Dimokritos

doi:10.1177/0020715219874379

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…These socalled emancipative values are reduced by violent conflict. Echeverría, Hemmerechts, and Kavadias (2019) find evidence that emancipative values are lower in countries with a history of violent conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychological and cultural effects of different kinds of danger. An exploration based on survey data from 79 countries

Fog

2024

CultEv

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Individual danger and collective danger have very different effects according to the predictions of a theory called regality theory, based on evolutionary psychology. This study explores the effects of different kinds of danger on 37 different indicators of psychological and cultural responses to danger based on data from two waves of the World Values Survey, including 173,000 respondents in 79 countries.The results show that individual danger and collective danger have very different – and often opposite – psychological and cultural effects. Collective dangers are positively correlated with many indicators related to authoritarianism, nationalism, discipline, intolerance, morality, religiosity, etc. Individual dangers have neutral or opposite correlations with many of these indicators. Infectious diseases have little or no effects on these indicators. Many previous studies that confound different kinds of danger may be misleading.Several psychological and cultural theories are discussed in relation to these results. The observed effects of collective danger are in agreement with many of these theories while individual danger has unexpected effects. The findings are not in agreement with terror management theory and pathogen stress theory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Psychological and cultural effects of different kinds of danger. An exploration based on survey data from 79 countries

Fog

2024

CultEv

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“…Echeverría et al (2019) have theorized that violent conflict is reducing the action resources of the population which leads to a reduction in emancipative values. Echeverría’s measure of action resources is strongly correlated with F1 (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a further development of this theory, Echeverría et al (2019) show that the availability of action resources, as defined by Welzel, is decreased by violent conflict, while the buildup of action resources under conditions of peace lead to an increase in emancipative values. Echeverría et al (2019) present evidence that a history of violent conflict is connected with fewer action resources and less emancipative values.…”

Section: Development and North-south Differencesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A value of 0.1 was added to the index to avoid taking the logarithm of zero. Finally, a measure of action resources (as defined by Welzel, see above) influenced by violent conflict were added to the list (Echeverría et al, 2019). The background variables are listed in the lower part of Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of spurious correlations of pathogen stress has been pointed out by several authors (Currie & Mace, 2012;Hruschka and Henrich, 2013;Horita & Takezawa, 2018). Echeverría et al (2019) have theorized that violent conflict is reducing the action resources of the population which leads to a reduction in emancipative values. Echeverría's measure of action resources is strongly correlated with F1 (Table 3).…”

Section: Explaining F1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional Models of Cultural Differences: Statistical and Theoretical Analysis

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2022

Cross-Cultural Research

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This study finds a common statistical pattern in all major quantitative studies of cultural differences, and discusses theories that explain this pattern. 92 cultural variables from 33 published cross-cultural studies including 125 countries are analyzed with an advanced factor analysis method. The study confirms previous findings that two factors can account for a large part of the variation in all major published cultural variables. While many previously published cultural variables represent arbitrarily rotated factor analysis results, the present study is improving the explanatory power by un-rotating the factors and by incorporating new theories that link cultural values to conditions in the physical and social environment. The first factor, accounting for 34% of the total variance, reflects general effects of development and welfare. This factor is explained by theories of development, modernization, emancipation, and secularization. This includes psychological effects of collective security that are explained by evolutionary psychology. The dimension formed by the first factor has one end in poor and war-torn countries, and the opposite end in North European welfare states. The second factor, accounting for 15% of the total variance, reflects relational mobility, long-term versus short-term orientation, differences in self-construal, and various other effects. Theoretical explanations of these effects are based on differences in subsistence economy, colonial history, ethnic diversity, and religion. The second factor has one end in East Asian countries, and the opposite end in Latin American countries. Analysis of business culture reveals the same two-factor pattern as national culture.

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Armed Conflict and Religious Adherence Across Countries: A Time Series Analysis

Vicente

Hemmerechts

Kavadias

2021

Sociology of Religion

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A fundamental question in the comparative sociology of religion is: What are the drivers of cross-national differences in religiosity? The existential insecurity argument raises the expectation of higher levels of religiosity in contexts of social crisis. We test this argument against countries’ armed conflict experiences, employing global longitudinal data on religious adherence over almost half a century. We did not find evidence of religious revival when measuring the consequences of armed conflict with a 5-year lag, indicating that armed conflict-related social crises do not tend to lead to sudden changes in the religious adherence of a country. However, we did find more consistent indications of a higher proportion of religious people when using accumulated measurements of armed conflict, highlighting the importance of investigating the armed conflict history of a country when assessing its religious consequences. Our results show that countries with a more devastating experience of armed conflict tend to present higher proportions of religious adherence in comparison with countries with a less devastating armed conflict history. We concluded that armed conflict tends to partially drive religious persistence in societies that have experienced it, and that the pace at which this takes place is gradual rather than immediate.

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The legacy of country-level experience of armed conflict on emancipative value preferences: A global cross-national study

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Psychological and cultural effects of different kinds of danger. An exploration based on survey data from 79 countries

Psychological and cultural effects of different kinds of danger. An exploration based on survey data from 79 countries

Two-Dimensional Models of Cultural Differences: Statistical and Theoretical Analysis

Armed Conflict and Religious Adherence Across Countries: A Time Series Analysis

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