The Lebanese electricity system in the context of sustainable development

El-Fadel, R.H.; Hammond, Geoffrey P.; Harajli, Hassan; Jones, Craig I.; Kabakian, Vahakn; Winnett, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.020

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In order to determine the primary energy inputs needed to produce a given artefact or service, it is necessary to trace the flow of energy through the relevant industrial sector [14,15,17,19,20,22]. This is based on the First Law of Thermodynamics (the principle of conservation of energy) or the notion of an energy balance applied to the system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several differing methods of EA have been developed (see Figure 3), the most significant being statistical analysis, Input-Output (I-O) analysis, process analysis (or energy 'flow charting'), and hybrid analysis [15,[23][24][25]. Application of energy analysis to the shoots barrage Energy analysis, as indicated above, is an established method of tracing the flow of energy through a system [14,15,17,19,20,[22][23][24][25], and can be readily applied to large-scale civil engineering projects. The present analysis has been conducted in order to assess and compare the envisaged energy benefits of the proposed Shoots Barrage scheme as a more benign option for the generation of electricity than those from fossil fuels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The so-called 'Shoots Barrage' scheme is one of several different tidal barrage possibilities for the Severn Estuary. It would be located upriver of the two present Severn road The present contribution is part of an ongoing research effort aimed at evaluating and optimising the performance of alternative sustainable, centralised and distributed energy systems for the UK [14,[17][18][19] in the context of transition pathways to a low carbon future for the UK [7,20]. Here the 'Shoots Barrage' tidal power scheme has been evaluated using various appraisal techniques to determine its net energy output, carbon footprint, and financial investment issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ‘Shoots Barrage’: An Indicative Energy Technology Assessment of a Tidal Power Scheme

Hammond¹,

Jones²,

Spevack³

2014

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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Several tidal power schemes have been proposed for the River Severn Estuary between the South West of England and Wales. An indicative technology assessment has been undertaken in order to evaluate the so-called 'Shoots Barrage' over its foreseen lifespan of 120 years in terms of its cradle-to-site, operation and maintenance requirements. It would be located just upriver of the Severn road crossings in the United Kingdom (UK), involve an estimated cost of £3.2 bn to construct, and could potentially generate around 2.7 TWh per year (or a little under 1% of UK electricity demand). This scheme is favoured by environmental groups, because to its more benign environmental impacts compared with the much larger, Cardiff-Weston scheme. The present analysis suggests that the proposed Shoots Barrage would yield relatively attractive 'figures of merit' in terms of its net energy and carbon emissions, although its financial performance is poorer than alternative power generators.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The ‘Shoots Barrage’: An Indicative Energy Technology Assessment of a Tidal Power Scheme

Hammond¹,

Jones²,

Spevack³

2014

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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“…The high degree of electrification combined with the estimated electricity demand growth suggests that Lebanon needs to both optimize the current electricity system and increase the installed capacity. However, policy makers and industry specialists have deemed the solution to increase the installed capacity unrealistic, given the weak underlying economic conditions in Lebanon (El-Fadel, Hammond, Harajli, Jones, Kabakian, and Winnett [5]). …”

Section: Electricity Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…World Bank [12] estimates that self-generation with a total estimated capacity of 900 MW satisfies 33%-38% of electricity consumption in Lebanon. The Lebanese government has long turned a blind eye to operators of private generators, even though they are causing a high bill for the importation of petroleum (El-Fadel, Hammond, Harajli, Jones, Kabakian, and Winnett [5]) and are selling electricity to the public at a largely higher cost compared to EDL tariffs (Hamdan, Ghajar, and Chedid [7]). …”

Section: Electricity Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lebanese Electricity Woes: An Estimation of the Economical Costs of Power Interruptions

Bouri

Assad

2016

Energies

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This paper contributes to the political and scientific debate surrounding the economic costs entailed by the regular power cuts in Lebanon. Examining the data on electricity consumption that was produced by onshore and offshore power plants, this paper estimates the economical costs of power interruptions in Lebanon over the period [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. Based on 700 USD/MWh, representing the average value of lost load (VOLL) in that period, results indicate that electricity shortages continue to render significant transfers of wealth to the detriment of economy and society as a whole. Over the period 2009-2014, the total losses for the Lebanese economy reached 23.23 billion USD. Just as importantly, some evidence suggests a sharp decline in the economical costs of power interruptions with the inception of the two floating power plants in 2013. The results are crucial for the decision makers to identify the economic efficiency of alternative measures to enhance the security of the Lebanese electricity supply.

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Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Energy Systems

Hammond

Jones²,

O'Grady

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Concerns about the environmental impacts associated with consumer products led to the development of environmental life cycle assessment ( LCA ) from the early 1990s and its codification by the International Standards Organization ( ISO ). This was followed by the realization of the consequences of other devices and systems. The need for the energy analysis and environmental appraisal of energy systems to be conducted on a life cycle basis, therefore, became evident. In a full or detailed LCA , the energy and materials used and pollutants or wastes released into the environment as a consequence of an activity or service are quantified over the whole life cycle, typically “from cradle‐to‐grave.” Such studies are often geographically diverse; that is, the energy and material inputs associated with the activity may be drawn from any continent or geopolitical region of the world. However, they enable a wide range of key environmental consequences to be examined as part of the device or system design process. There are four main stages of LCA , which follow a logical sequence of goal definition and scoping, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. LCA methodology is critically reviewed from a state‐of‐the‐art perspective and illustrated using several energy sector case studies. These examples concern specific energy technologies, as well as the “whole systems” appraisal of national energy sectors and transition pathways. The current strengths and weaknesses of LCA are identified for energy practitioners and policy analysts. Material has been incorporated on life cycle embodied energy and carbon accounting and comparisons made with related approaches, such as carbon and environmental footprinting.

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The Lebanese electricity system in the context of sustainable development

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

The ‘Shoots Barrage’: An Indicative Energy Technology Assessment of a Tidal Power Scheme

The ‘Shoots Barrage’: An Indicative Energy Technology Assessment of a Tidal Power Scheme

The Lebanese Electricity Woes: An Estimation of the Economical Costs of Power Interruptions

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Energy Systems

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