The layout of orientation and ocular dominance domains in area 17 of strabismic cats

Löwel, Siegrid; Schmidt, Kerstin; Kim, Dae‐Shik; Wolf, Fred; Hoffsummer, Frank; Singer, Wolf; Bonhoeffer, Tobias

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.t01-1-00274.x

Cited by 10 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Some further data that support this are those of Löwel (1994), where λ od is both larger and more sharply defined (narrower peak in the Fourier power spectrum) than in the strabismic compared with the normal, as in our simulations. However Löwel et al (1998) found no change in the DIA for strabismic compared with normal cats, whereas the model predicts a reduced tendency to orthogonality in strabismics compared with normal ones. The prediction of a reversal of order in strabismics could be tested using optical imaging by comparing the time of emergence of OR and OD columns in normal compared with strabismic kittens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Predictions about how strabismus affects developmental order are difficult due to a lack of data on the wavelength of OR columns in strabismic animals. Löwel et al (1998) found no change in pinwheel density in strabismic cats compared with normal ones, possibly implying no change in overall wavelength. Assuming this to be the case, dividing the OD data for strabismics from Löwel (1994) by the OR data for normals from Löwel et al (1988) (and multiplying by π/ √ 8) gives a value of 1.29 ± 0.18, predicting that the order of development in strabismic cats is reversed compared with normal cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…A useful way to quantify the overall joint structure of OD and OR maps is to calculate the distribution of intersection angles (DIA) between the two sets of columns. The intersection angle φ between OD and OR columns at a particular point is given by the angle between the local gradient vectors of the two maps at that point (Hübener et al 1997, Löwel et al 1998:…”

Section: Intersection Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the elastic net model applied to the formation of ocular dominance and orientation columns

Goodhill

Cimponeriu

2000

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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The development and structure of orientation (OR) and ocular dominance (OD) maps in the primary visual cortex of cats and monkeys can be modelled using the elastic net algorithm, which attempts to find an 'optimal' cortical representation of the input features. Here we analyse this behaviour in terms of parameters of the feature space. We derive expressions for the OR periodicity, and the first bifurcation point as a function of the annealing parameter using the methods of Durbin et al (Durbin R, Szeliski R and Yuille A 1989 Neural Computation 1 348-58). We also investigate the effect of the relative order of OR and OD development on overall map structure. This analysis suggests that developmental order can be predicted from the final OR and OD periodicities. In conjunction with experimentally measured values for these periodicities, the model predicts that (i) in normal macaques OD develops first, (ii) in normal cats OR develops first and (iii) in strabismic cats OD develops first.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Intersection Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the elastic net model applied to the formation of ocular dominance and orientation columns

Goodhill

Cimponeriu

2000

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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“…We have found not only that orientation tuning is present in primary visual cortex much earlier than other cortical features such as ocular dominance columns, but also that as soon as orientation-specific activity is seen with optical imaging and very shortly after it is evident in the responses of more than a few single units, orientation preference is already mapped across cortex with the same map features found in mature animals. Other studies have shown that orientation maps are continuous across areal borders in normal animals (Bonhoeffer et al, 1995) and across ocular dominance columns in strabismic animals (Löwel et al, 1994). In addition, the features of orientation maps are unaffected by monocular deprivation and reverse occlusion (Kim and Bonhoeffer, 1994) despite the dramatic anatomical rearrangements of geniculocortical axons produced by brief periods of monocular deprivation (Antonini and Stryker, 1993), and matching orientation maps develop for the two eyes even in animals raised under a reverse-suture paradigm from the time of natural eye opening, such that the two eyes never have common visual experience (Gödecke and Bonhoeffer, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Development of Orientation Preference Maps in Ferret Primary Visual Cortex

Chapman¹,

Stryker

Bonhoeffer³

1996

J. Neurosci.

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289

268

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The development of orientation preference maps was studied in ferret primary visual cortex using chronic optical imaging of intrinsic signals. The emergence and maturation of the maps were examined over time in single animals. The earliest age at which cortical domains selectively responsive to particular stimulus orientations were observed varied considerably between individuals, from postnatal day 31 to 36. In all cases, the earliest maps seen were low-contrast, with regions of orientation-specific activity that were difficult to distinguish from noise. These early maps matured over a period of several days into the high-contrast, patchy maps typical of adult animals. The structure of the orientation maps was remarkably constant over time. The indistinct features in the earliest maps were always patches of the same sizes and shapes and at the same locations as in the maps obtained in subsequent recording sessions. Details of the more mature maps, including the relative intensities of individual iso-orientation domains, were also constant from one recording session to another over periods of several weeks. The patterning of iso-orientation domains in ferret primary visual cortex thus is established early in development and remains stable over time, unaffected by either normal visual experience or the anatomical rearrangements of geniculocortical afferents into eye-specific domains.

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“…Based on experimental and theoretical work, it has been suggested that the detailed topography of the OPMs arise from a meticulous balance of both local and global mechanisms based on feedforward and recurrent inputs (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Particularly, the extended network of horizontal connections is assumed to play a crucial role in mediating and stabilizing a mature pattern of OPMs (8,15,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). Thus, ICMS is optimally suited for addressing the role of local mechanisms and global interactions for the modifiability of the topography of cortical maps, and more generally, for performing a comparative analysis of reorganizational capacities across areas and modalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of orientation preference maps in the visual cortex of adult cats

Godde

Leonhardt²,

Cords³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In contrast to the high degree of experience-dependent plasticity usually exhibited by cortical representational maps, a number of experiments performed in visual cortex suggest that the basic layout of orientation preference maps is only barely susceptible to activity-dependent modifications. In fact, most of what we know about activity-dependent plasticity in adults comes from experiments in somatosensory, auditory, or motor cortex. Applying a stimulation protocol that has been proven highly effective in other cortical areas, we demonstrate here that enforced synchronous cortical activity induces major changes of orientation preference maps (OPMs) in adult cats. Combining optical imaging of intrinsic signals and electrophysiological single-cell recordings, we show that a few hours of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) lead to an enlargement of the cortical representational zone at the ICMS site and an extensive restructuring of the entire OPM layout up to several millimeters away, paralleled by dramatic changes of pinwheel numbers and locations. At the single-cell level, we found that the preferred orientation was shifted toward the orientation of the ICMS site over a region of up to 4 mm. Our results show that manipulating the synchronicity of cortical activity locally without invoking training, attention, or reinforcement, OPMs undergo large-scale reorganization reminiscent of plastic changes observed for nonvisual cortical maps. However, changes were much more widespread and enduring. Such large-scale restructuring of the visual cortical networks indicates a substantial capability for activity-dependent plasticity of adult visual cortex and may provide the basis for cognitive learning processes.

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The layout of orientation and ocular dominance domains in area 17 of strabismic cats

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

Analysis of the elastic net model applied to the formation of ocular dominance and orientation columns

Analysis of the elastic net model applied to the formation of ocular dominance and orientation columns

Development of Orientation Preference Maps in Ferret Primary Visual Cortex

Plasticity of orientation preference maps in the visual cortex of adult cats

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