The “layered method” – A third method of floodlighting

Żagan, W.; Skarżyński, Krzysztof

doi:10.1177/1477153519882997

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Floodlighting-the illumination of outdoor architectural or natural objects, the most important aim of which is to make objects look attractive at night [47][48][49], is a special type of outdoor installation. In 1993, the report "Guide for floodlighting" was published by the CIE [18].…”

Section: Lighting For Embellishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage

Pracki

Skarżyński

2020

Sustainability

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This paper presents an attempt at a unified approach for the assessment of outdoor lighting solutions at the design stage. First of all, the lighting criteria for different types of outdoor lighting installations have been carefully described. Despite the differences in criteria, it is possible to find a common ground for the assessment of lighting solutions at the design stage. This is based on the need for the assessment of lighting solutions to be included in the requirements for the luminous environment, light pollution, and energy efficiency. The review and analysis of the standards and reports allows an experimental procedure to be created, the main aim of which is to find the best and most sustainable lighting solution for any outdoor situation. The procedure was tested by the example of an analysis of parking lot lighting solutions. In the case analyzed, 120 solutions were considered. It appeared that, in only 65 cases were the requirements referring to both lighting condition and light pollution met. Finally, based on the lighting energy efficiency assessment, ten solutions were selected as the most suitable. Furthermore, only one solution out of the ten was the most beneficial, taking into account the extra criterion of basic economic cost. The case study confirms that the assessment procedure allows the most beneficial solution to be selected, taking into account the luminous environment, as well as light pollution and energy efficiency criteria. The proposed multi-criteria assessment procedure may be used as a valuable tool by lighting designers to select the most beneficial solution in order to meet the needs of safety, visual efficiency, and comfort, as well as taking into account light pollution and energy efficiency restrictions.

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Section: Lighting For Embellishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage

Pracki

Skarżyński

2020

Sustainability

Self Cite

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“…Another very important aspect of façade lighting is the position and directionality of the luminaires [96,[104][105][106][107]. The luminaire position and the direction of the luminous flux emission modify the appearance of the façade and the light effect.…”

Section: Architectural Lightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the luminous flux coming from individual luminaires, it is possible to focus the observer's attention on some architectural detail instead of others. In the mixed lighting method, both the planar and accent lighting methods are combined [96,105,107,109]. For special occasions, specific projectors can be used to realise the dynamic lighting of the building, producing moving patterns or coloured light [105,110].…”

Section: Architectural Lightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The luminous intensity distribution of the luminaire is a parameter closely correlated with the light effect on the façade. It can be used as an additional lighting design parameter that contributes, together with the arrangement and directionality of the luminaires, to emphasize the architectural details, and allows for a correct perception of the whole façade [100,104,106,107].…”

Section: Architectural Lightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Reality for Smart Urban Lighting Design: Review, Applications and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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More and more cities are evolving into smart cities, increasing their attractiveness, energy efficiency, and users’ satisfaction. Lighting systems play an important role in the evolution process, thanks to their ability to affect city life at night along with people’s mood and behaviour. In this scenario, advanced lighting design methods such as virtual reality (VR) became essential to assess lighting systems from different points of view, especially those linked with the city users’ expectations. Initially, the review highlights a list of objective and subjective parameters to be considered for the lighting design of three main city areas/applications: roads, green areas and buildings. Besides, the state-of-art in using VR for outdoor lighting design is established. Finally, the Unreal game engine is used to analyse the ability of VR to take into account the lighting parameters, not yet investigated in current literature and to highlight the VR potential for augmenting lighting design. The results confirm the benefit of using VR in lighting design, even if further investigations are needed to establish its reliability, especially from the photometrical point of view.

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“…In the literature, one can find proposals concerning the installation of external lighting that take into account the light pollution issue [30][31][32]. Despite this, the issue of LP in public discussion is treated marginally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Replacement of Sodium Lamps in Park Luminaires with LED Sources of Different Closest Color Temperature on the Effect of Light Pollution and Energy Efficiency

Tabaka

2021

Energies

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According to the European Union (EU) regulations, EU members are obligated, among others, to improve the energy efficiency in the outdoor lighting sector. One of the ways to consider this fact is to install LED sources in luminaires. Due to the reasonable lighting requirements for the lighting of squares and parks, the cheapest way to modernize lighting is to replace conventional discharge lamps with LED sources in park luminaires. Using nine typical park luminaires, the influence of replacing classic sodium lamps with LED sources on the effect of light pollution and energy efficiency was analyzed. Using data, such as a photometric solid and a relative spectral distribution, simulation calculations were carried out in DIALux software and our own calculation tool to consider this issue. The studies considered 156 LED sources of different spectral distributions and a wide range of color temperatures from 1000 K to 9753 K as well as different color rendering index (CRI) values. The conducted studies showed that the replacement of sodium lamps with LED sources is not necessarily associated with an increased negative impact on the effect of light pollution. It was also found also that the CRI value has an influence on the degree of light pollution.

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The “layered method” – A third method of floodlighting

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage

A Multi-Criteria Assessment Procedure for Outdoor Lighting at the Design Stage

Virtual Reality for Smart Urban Lighting Design: Review, Applications and Opportunities

Influence of Replacement of Sodium Lamps in Park Luminaires with LED Sources of Different Closest Color Temperature on the Effect of Light Pollution and Energy Efficiency

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