The Lattice-Based Screen Set: A Square N-Color All-Orders Moiré-Free Screen Set

Abstract

Periodic clustered-dot screens are widely used for electrophotographic printers due to their print stability. However, moiré is a ubiquitous problem that arises in color printing due to the beating together of the clustered-dot, periodic halftone patterns that are used to represent different colorants. The traditional solution in the graphic arts and printing industry is to rotate identical square screens to angles that are maximally separated from each other. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited when printing with more than four colorants, i.e., N -color printing, where N > 4 . Moreover, accurately achieving the angles that have maximum angular separation requires a very high-resolution plate writer, as is used in commercial offset printing. Commercially available high-end digital printers cannot achieve this resolution. In this paper, we propose a systematic way to design color screen sets for periodic, clustered-dot screens that offer more explicit control of the moiré properties of the resulting screens when used in color printing. We develop a principled approach for the moiré-free screen design that is called lattice-based screen design. The basic concept behind our approach is the creation of the screen set on a 2D lattice in the frequency domain, and then picking each fundamental frequency vector of the individual colorant planes in the created spectral lattice according to the desired properties. The lattice-based screen design offers more flexibility in designing N -color screen sets with different halftone geometries, and all of them are guaranteed to be all-orders moiré-free. We demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method by introducing several new screen designs, and a comparison with published screen designs.

High spatial sensitivity method based on moiré interferences derived from a single layer. Case study: The Moiré Pendulum

“…These moire interference dots have been extensively studied (cf. [5, §5], [24], [6])) because the correct distribution of dots in graphic printing is necessary when superimposing the layers belonging to the four halftones cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK colour model)…”

Halftone Blending Between Smooth and Detail Screens to Improve Print Quality With Electrophotographic Printers

“…The design of a color, periodic, clustered-dot screen set requires the selection of a set of tile vectors, followed by the definition of rules for dot growth for each of the colorant screens [16]- [18]. These choices are governed by many target-printer-specific factors, including the need to avoid moiré artifacts [19] caused by beating of the periodic screens with residual periodicities in the process (cross-scan) direction due to imperfections in the rotating laser scanner mirror, the similar need to avoid moiré artifacts caused by beating of the colorant screens against each other, and the manner in which the marking technology behaves in the presence of specific dot growth rules.…”