The Latitudinal Patterns of Leaf and Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry in the Loess Plateau of China

Fang, Zhao; Li, Dongdong; Jiao, Feng; Jing, Yao; Du, Hao-Tian

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00085

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The C:N ratio is, therefore, a common and important parameter for many ecosystem process models (Kucharik et al, 2000;Zaehle et al, 2014). Previous studies have mostly focused on the characteristics (such as spatial patterns) of leaf C:N ratios (Fang, Li, Jiao, Yao, & Dui, 2019;Gong et al, 2018;Reich & Oleksyn, 2004), overlooking interactions among different plant organs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation and evolution of C:N ratio among different organs enable plants to adapt to N‐limited environments

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

152

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Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the primary elements involved in the growth and development of plants. The C:N ratio is an indicator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and an input parameter for some ecological and ecosystem models. However, knowledge remains limited about the convergent or divergent variation in the C:N ratios among different plant organs (e.g., leaf, branch, trunk, and root) and how evolution and environment affect the coefficient shifts. Using systematic measurements of the leaf–branch–trunk–root of 2,139 species from tropical to cold‐temperate forests, we comprehensively evaluated variation in C:N ratio in different organs in different taxa and forest types. The ratios showed convergence in the direction of change but divergence in the rate of change. Plants evolved toward lower C:N ratios in the leaf and branch, with N playing a more important role than C. The C:N ratio of plant organs (except for the leaf) was constrained by phylogeny, but not strongly. Both the change of C:N during evolution and its spatial variation (lower C:N ratio at midlatitudes) help develop the adaptive growth hypothesis. That is, plants with a higher C:N ratio promote NUE under strong N‐limited conditions to ensure survival priority, whereas plants with a lower C:N ratio under less N‐limited environments benefit growth priority. In nature, larger proportion of species with a high C:N ratio enabled communities to inhabit more N‐limited conditions. Our results provide new insights on the evolution and drivers of C:N ratio among different plant organs, as well as provide a quantitative basis to optimize land surface process models.

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confidence: 99%

Variation and evolution of C:N ratio among different organs enable plants to adapt to N‐limited environments

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

152

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“…Previous studies showed that soil nutrients affect stoichiometric ratios of plant nutrients; as the leaf C, N and P contents were found positively related to soil C, N and P contents [ 83 ]. It was observed that SOC and STN positively correlated with leaf P ( Table S3 ), signifying that when the SOC and STN level increased in soil then may increase C and N uptake level in plants; and after all plants absorb more P due to elemental homeostasis [ 84 ]. Thus, SOC and STN were the main factors in the present study that affected the plant macro-elements stoichiometry because SOC and STN were also positively evidently correlated to STP ( Table S4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Variations in the Leaf Traits of Desert Plants

Akram

Wang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Convergence is commonly caused by environmental filtering, severe climatic conditions and local disturbance. The basic aim of the present study was to understand the pattern of leaf traits across diverse desert plant species in a common garden, in addition to determining the effect of plant life forms (PLF), such as herb, shrub and subshrub, phylogeny and soil properties on leaf traits. Six leaf traits, namely carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), δ13C and leaf water potential (LWP) of 37 dominant desert plant species were investigated and analyzed. The C, N, K and δ13C concentrations in leaves of shrubs were found higher than herbs and subshrubs; however, P and LWP levels were higher in the leaves of subshrubs following herbs and shrubs. Moreover, leaf C showed a significant positive correlation with N and a negative correlation with δ13C. Leaf N exhibited a positive correlation with P. The relationship between soil and plant macro-elements was found generally insignificant but soil C and N exhibited a significant positive correlation with leaf P. Taxonomy showed a stronger effect on leaf C, N, P and δ13C than soil properties, explaining >50% of the total variability. C3 plants showed higher leaf C, N, P, K and LWP concentration than C4 plants, whereas C4 plants had higher δ13C than C3 plants. Legumes exhibited higher leaf C, N, K and LWP than nonlegumes, while nonlegumes had higher P and δ13C concentration than legumes. In all the species, significant phylogenetic signals (PS) were detected for C and N and nonsignificant PS for the rest of the leaf traits. In addition, these phylogenetic signals were found lower (K-value < 1), and the maximum K-value was noted for C (K = 0.35). The plants of common garden evolved and adapted themselves for their survival in the arid environment and showed convergent variations in their leaf traits. However, these variations were not phylogenetics-specific. Furthermore, marks of convergence found in leaf traits of the study area were most likely due to the environmental factors.

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“…Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms, two basic physiological activities in cotton leaf, are mutually linked to each other because of sharing C skeleton and ATP from the photosynthesis and respiration, respectively (Foyar et al 2001;Lawlor 2002;Liu et al 2015;Wang et al 2018;Hu et al 2019). Carbon, which offers the structural basis and constitutes a fairly stable 50% of a plant's dry mass, can also act as a limiting element for plant (Ye et al 2014;Fang et al 2019). Carbon concentration rather than N concentration drove significant effects of C/N ratio on soil and plant functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Potassium Ratio Balanced the Carbon-Nitrogen Assimilation in Cotton Leaf Under Reducing Nitrogen Application

Ali

Hafeez

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Potassium (K) plays a pivotal role in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance via several physiological processes. Conventional K application ratio (0.6-0.8) is too low to meet the optimal K requirement for physiological activities as well as yield benefits in cotton. However, in line with low N application, what is the optimal K ratio relative to N, for efficient C-N balance and its relationship with enzymes activities as well as yield, is the objective of this study. A pot experiment was conducted with three K ratio to N (K 1 (0.8), K 2 (1.0), and K 3 (1.2)) using completely randomized design at the experimental site of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. The morphological attributes, C-N enzyme activities, assimilate contents, and yieldrelated components were analyzed under different K ratios. Results showed that higher K application ratios (K 2 and K 3) significantly enhanced the yield, leaf morphological attributes (leaf area and leaf weight), and C-and N-metabolizing enzyme activities. Similarly, C and N assimilation compounds were effectively balanced in leaves of plants receiving K 2 and K 3 over K 1 leading to an appropriate C/N ratio. Conclusively, leaf K content, C-N compounds balance, and narrow C/N ratio in higher K application suggest that the K relative ratio should be equal or even higher than N application rate. However, from an economic point of view, results suggest that the K ratio equal to the N is sufficient to get promising cotton yield with late planting under reducing N rate.

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The Latitudinal Patterns of Leaf and Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry in the Loess Plateau of China

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

Variation and evolution of C:N ratio among different organs enable plants to adapt to N‐limited environments

Variation and evolution of C:N ratio among different organs enable plants to adapt to N‐limited environments

Convergent Variations in the Leaf Traits of Desert Plants

Relative Potassium Ratio Balanced the Carbon-Nitrogen Assimilation in Cotton Leaf Under Reducing Nitrogen Application

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