The Latitude Wise Prevalence of the CCR5-Δ32-HIV Resistance Allele in India

Abstract

The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a crucial role during CD4-mediated entry of HIV-1 in macrophages and a 32 bp deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5-∆32) confers protection against HIV infection and AIDS progression. To evaluate the contribution of this host genetic factor in aggravating India's HIV/AIDS problem, we exclusively examined the frequency of CCR5-∆32 in 43 different ethnic endogamous Indian populations comprising 1,882 individuals and its latitude-wise distribution in India. This is the first report of prevalence and latitude-wise distribution of CCR5-∆32 in such large scale in India, which indicates that most of the Indian populations lack the CCR5-∆32 mutation. This mutation was exhibited in only 13 out of the 43 ethnic populations of India studied with allelic frequency 0.62 -5%. Southward decreasing cline was observed for frequencies of CCR5-∆32 (0.79% to 5.0% in North vs. 0.62% to 1.4% South). These results are in accordance with HIV/AIDS prevalence in India, and suggest that absence of CCR5-∆32 mutation may be one of the important factors for HIV/AIDS incidence in India.

Low prevalence of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in the Baiga and Gond tribes of Central India

“…Blood samples from the individuals were spotted on Whatman FTA classic Cards (GE healthcare) and processed for PCR as per manufacturer instructions. The region containing the CCR5 - Δ32, CCR2 - 64I and SDF1 - 3 ′ A were amplified using Phusion Blood Direct PCR Kit (Thermo scientific) as per manufacturer protocol with corresponding Primers ( CCR5 -Fw: 5′-GCTGTCGTCCATGCTGTGTTT-3′, Rv:5′-CAACCTGTTAGAGCTACTGCAATT-3′); ( CCR2 -Fw:5′ATCAGAAATACCAACGAGAGCGG-3′, Rv:5′-ACACCGAAGCAGGGTTTTCAGG-3′) and ( SDF1 -Fw:5′-CAGTCAACCTGGGCAAAGCC-3′, Rv:5′-AGCTTTGGTCCTGAGAGTCC-3′) (Struyfa et al 2000 ; Junhua et al 2000 ; Bhatnagar et al 2009 ). The sequencing of PCR products were performed using 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Bio systems) sequencer using the Fw primer used in the PCR amplification.…”

CCR5 Polymorphisms and its Relationship with HIV Susceptibility, Viral Load and CD4 Count in Early Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients in Selangor and Terengganu

“…Genotyping of CCR5 polymorphisms DNA from the blood samples was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Maxi Kit (QIAGEN, Germany). The amplification of CCR5-Δ32 and CCR5-R223Q (also referred to as CCR5-G668A) loci were carried out by using 10-30 ng/µL of DNA, 10uM of each forward (5'-GCT GTC GTC CAT GCT GTG TTT-3') and reverse primers (5'-CAA CCT GTT AGA GCT ACT GCA ATT-3') (26), Prime Taq Premix (Genet Bio, Korea), and ultra-pure water to make a final volume of 20 µL. PCR cycling conditions were set at the following: 95 °C for10 minutes, 95 °C for 30 seconds, 58 °C for 30 seconds and 72 °C for 30 seconds for 30 cycles and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 minutes.…”