The latex agglutination test: standardization and comparison with direct agglutination and dot-ELISA in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India

Bagchi, Ansu; Tiwari, Swati; Gupta, S. P.; Katiyar, J. C.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1998.11813275

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, it is very useful for the standardization of more sensitive and specific diagnostic procedures. Serological tests for the diagnosis of VL are generally highly sensitive (Ͼ90%) (2,35). On the other hand, serological tests are rarely performed for the diagnosis CL, as the sensitivities and specificities of these tests have been disappointingly low (11,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serodiagnosis of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) Caused byLeishmania tropicain Sanliurfa Province, Turkey, Where ACL Is Highly Endemic

Zeyrek

Korkmaz

Özbel

2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western blotting test for the diagnosis of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) using serum samples obtained from 51 patients with parasitologically proven nontreated CL (NonT-CL patients) and 62 patients under treatment for CL (UT-CL patients). Additionally, 29 serum samples obtained from patients with parasitologically and serologically proven visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were also used as positive controls, and serum samples from 43 blood donors were used as negative controls. All sera were diluted to the same dilution (1/100). Leishmania infantum MON-1 was used as the antigen in the conventional ELISA. The sera of 27 (93.1%) of 29 VL patients were seropositive by ELISA, while the sera of 40 (78.4%) of 51 NonT-CL patients and 43 (69.3%) of 62 UT-CL patients were seropositive by the conventional ELISA. The absorbance values of the CL patients' sera were significantly lower than the absorbance values of the VL patients' sera. Bands between 15 and 118 kDa were detected in two groups of CL patients. Among all bands, the 63-kDa band was found to be more sensitive (88.5%). When we evaluated the Western blotting results for the presence of at least one of the diagnostic antigenic bands, the sensitivity was calculated to be 99.1%. By using serological tests, a measurable antibody response was detected in most of the CL patients in Sanliurfa, Turkey. It is also noted that this response can be changed according to the sizes, types, and numbers of lesions that the patient has. The Western blot test was found to be more sensitive and valid than the conventional ELISA for the serodiagnosis of ACL. In some instances, when it is very difficult to demonstrate the presence of parasites in the smears, immunodiagnosis can be a valuable alternative for the diagnosis of ACL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although serological tests are very sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (2,17,35), these tests have been considered of limited importance for the diagnosis of CL. However, several papers which described encouraging results by the use of alternative diagnostic methods have been reported from the New World (13,16,29,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) Caused byLeishmania tropicain Sanliurfa Province, Turkey, Where ACL Is Highly Endemic

Zeyrek

Korkmaz

Özbel

2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Serological tests for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) generally are highly sensitive (Ͼ90%) (4,26). However, these tests have experienced problems with their specificity, i.e., false-positive results being obtained with reference samples of other infectious diseases and subclinical leishmanial infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Soluble Promastigote Antigen Detects Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG Antibodies in Sera from Cases of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

et al. 2002

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Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic. In areas where it is nonendemic, global travel and increased incidence of the disease in human immunodeficiency virus and intravenous-drug user populations are also causes for concern. The unavailability of rapid and reliable tests for diagnosis of the various leishmaniases makes patient management difficult. We have developed an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in patients with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. These practical assays are based on soluble antigens from promastigotes cultivated in a protein-free medium. In preliminary studies, 129 visceral (Brazil, Italy, North Africa, and Nepal) and 143 cutaneous (Brazil) leishmaniasis patients with controls were tested. Overall, the tests showed a sensitivity of 95.1%. In addition, the ELISA correctly identified 42 sera from Brazilian dogs with canine leishmaniasis and 10 healthy controls. Serological tests for the various clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis could be useful epidemiological and patient management tools in populations of areas of endemicity and nonendemicity.

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“…By using indigenous isolates, the DAT was found capable of distinguishing CL, MCL, and other skin disease conditions like leprosy, vitiligo, psoriasis, and cutaneous tuberculosis. DAT has been used in the diagnosis of VL in India with high sensitivity (96% to 98%) and specificity (100%) [136] [137]. With reference to its use for PKDL diagnosis, DAT has not been used very widely.…”

Section: Direct Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

et al. 2020

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Leishmaniasis remains a public health concern around the world that primarily affects poor folks of the developing world spanning across 98 countries with mortality of 0.2 million to 0.4 million annually. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the late skin manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It has been reported that about 2.5% to 20% of patients recovered from VL develop PKDL having stilted macular or nodular lesions with parasites. In the Indian subcontinent (ISC), it manifests a few months after recovery from VL, though in Africa it can occur simultaneously with VL or a little later. New cases of PKDL are also observed without prior VL in the ISC. These individuals with PKDL represent an important but largely neglected reservoir of infection that perpetuates anthroponotic Leishmania donovani transmission in the ISC and can jeopardize the VL elimination program as these cases can infect the sand flies and spread the endemic. Therefore, it becomes imperative to eradicate PKDL as a part of the VL elimination program. With the limited treatment options besides little knowledge on PKDL, this review stands out in focusing on different aspects that should be dealt for sustained VL elimination.

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The latex agglutination test: standardization and comparison with direct agglutination and dot-ELISA in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Serodiagnosis of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) Caused byLeishmania tropicain Sanliurfa Province, Turkey, Where ACL Is Highly Endemic

Serodiagnosis of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) Caused byLeishmania tropicain Sanliurfa Province, Turkey, Where ACL Is Highly Endemic

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Soluble Promastigote Antigen Detects Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG Antibodies in Sera from Cases of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program

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