“…Italy in fact may have suffered from globalization because its competitiveness has been challenged by the emergence 7 Papers that, with different approaches, confirm the employment-productivity trade-off for Italy are Boeri and Garibaldi (2007), Lucidi and Kleinkrecht (2010), Lucidi (2012), Jona Lasinio and Vallanti (2011) and, more recently, Orsi and Turino (2014). Italy in fact may have suffered from globalization because its competitiveness has been challenged by the emergence 7 Papers that, with different approaches, confirm the employment-productivity trade-off for Italy are Boeri and Garibaldi (2007), Lucidi and Kleinkrecht (2010), Lucidi (2012), Jona Lasinio and Vallanti (2011) and, more recently, Orsi and Turino (2014).…”