The last 500 year of sedimentation in Shkodra Lake (Albania/Montenegro): paleoenvironmental evolution and potential for paleoseismicity studies

Welden, Aurélien van; Beck, Christian; Reyss, Jean-Louis; Bushati, S.; Koçi, Rexhep; Jouanne, François; Mugnier, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1007/s10933-007-9186-y

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first peak can be related to the 1986 Chernobyl event and the second to the 1963 peak in atmosphere nuclear testing (Lima et al, 2005;van Welden et al, 2008). Unsupported 210 Pb is consistent with the cesium trend and exhibits, in the first 10 cm, an exponential decay with increasing depth (black circles in Fig.…”

Section: Chronology Of Recent Events Based Onsupporting

confidence: 60%

Submarine Earthquake History of the Çınarcık Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey

Drab¹,

Hubert‐Ferrari²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The North Anatolian fault (NAF) in the Marmara Sea is a significant hazard for the city of Istanbul. The use of paleoseismological data to provide an accurate seismic risk assessment for the area is constrained by the fact that the NAF system is submarine; thus a history of paleoearthquakes can be inferred only by using marine sediment cores. Here, a record of turbidites was obtained in two cores and used to reconstruct the earthquake history along the Çınarcık segment, a main branch of the NAF. Klg04 was collected from a berm north of the fault, and Klg03 was positioned in the Çınarcık basin, south of the fault. The cores were correlated using long-term geochemical variations in the sediment, and turbidites deposited simultaneously at both sites were then identified. Radionuclide measurements suggest the most recent turbidite was triggered by the 1894 C.E. M w 7.3 earthquake. We conclude that the turbidites identified at both sites are earthquake generated, based on their particular sedimentological and geochemical signatures; the correlation of turbidites at berm and basin sites; and the match of the most recent turbidite with a nineteenth century historical earthquake. To date older turbidites, we used carbon-14 and paleomagnetic data to build an OxCal model with a local reservoir correction of 400 50 yr. The Çınarcık segment is found to have ruptured in 1509 C.E., sometime in the fourteenth century, in 989 C.E., and in 740 C.E., with a mean recurrence interval in the range of 256-321 years. Finally, we used the earthquake record obtained to review the rupture history of the adjacent segments over the past 1500 years.

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Section: Chronology Of Recent Events Based Onsupporting

confidence: 60%

Submarine Earthquake History of the Çınarcık Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey

Drab¹,

Hubert‐Ferrari²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…The present-day lake surface is 5 m a.s.l. The catchment area mainly consists of carbonate rocks (limestones and dolomites), with only two minor exposures of terrigenous rocks that supply siliciclastic sediments to the main tributary (Moraca River; Beeton and Karaman, 1981;van Welden et al, 2008). The unique outlet of the lake is the Bojana (also known as Buna river in Montenegro), which flows directly to the Adriatic Sea.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…van Welden et al (2008) studied the last 500 a of sedimentation in Lake Shkodra and showed that this period was characterised by undisturbed sedimentation of finegrained material. Destructive earthquakes affected the area in 1905 and 1979, but did not induce any visible perturbation of the lacustrine archive.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, human activity (damming, change in agricultural practices) and climate (i.e. catastrophic floods occurred in 1962-1963 and the Little Ice Age between AD 1650 and 1820) had an imprint on lake sedimentation (van Welden et al, 2008).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Balkans area across Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro is one in which tephrostratigraphic and tephrochronological studies are in their infancy, although preliminary studies on lacustrine settings appear extremely promising (e.g. Lake Ohrid and Lake Shkodra; van Welden, 2007;Wagner et al, 2008). For these areas both tephrostratigraphic and tephrochronological studies can offer invaluable stratigraphic support for sedimentological, palaeoclimatic, palaeoenvironmental and volcanological studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Shkodra (Albania and Montenegro)

Sulpizio

Welden

Caron

et al. 2009

J Quaternary Science

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Two cores were recovered in the southeastern part of Lake Shkodra (Montenegro and Albania) and sampled for identification of tephra layers. The first core (SK13, 7.8mlong) was recovered from a water depth of 7m, while the second core (SK19, 5.8mlong) was recovered close to the presentday shoreline (water depth of 2 m). Magnetic susceptibility investigations show generally low values with some peaks that in some cases are related to tephra layers. Naked-eye inspection of the cores allowed the identification of four tephra layers in core SK13 and five tephra layers in core SK19. Major element analyses on glass shards and mineral phases allowed correlation of the tephra layers between the two cores, and their attribution to six different Holocene explosive eruptions of southern Italy volcanoes. Two tephra layers have under-saturated composition of glass shards (foiditic and phonolitic) and were correlated to the AD 472 and the Avellino (ca. 3.9 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Somma- Vesuvius. One tephra layer has benmoreitic composition and was correlated to the FL eruption of Mount Etna (ca. 3.4 cal. ka BP). The other three tephra layers have trachytic composition and were correlated to Astroni (ca. 4.2 cal. ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (ca. 4.5 cal. ka BP) and Agnano Pomici Principali (ca. 12.3 cal. ka BP) eruptions of Campi Flegrei. The ages of tephra layers are in broad agreement with eight 14C accelerator mass spectrometric measurements carried out on plant remains and charcoal from the lake sediments at different depths along the two cores. The recognition of distal tephra layers from Italian volcanoes allowed the physical link of the Holocene archive of Lake Shkodra to other archives located in the central Mediterranean area and the Balkans (i.e. Lake Ohrid). Five of the recognised tephra layers were recognised for the first time in the Balkans area, and this has relevance for volcanic hazard assessment and for ash dispersal forecasting in case of renewed explosive activity from some of the southern Italy volcanoes

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Multiproxy record for the last 4500 years from Lake Shkodra (Albania/Montenegro)

Zanchetta

Welden

Baneschi

et al. 2012

J Quaternary Science

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A multi-proxy record is presented for approximately the last 4500 cal a BP from Lake Shkodra, Albania/\ud \ud Montenegro. Lithological analyses, C/N ratio and d13C of the organic and inorganic carbon component suggest that\ud \ud organic matter and bulk carbonate are predominantly authigenic. The d18O record of bulk carbonate indicates the\ud \ud presence of two prominent wet periods: one at ca. 4300 cal a BP and one at ca. 2500–2000 cal a BP. The latter phase is\ud \ud also found in southern Spain and Central Italy, and represents a prominent event in the western and central\ud \ud Mediterranean. In the last 2000 years, four relatively wet intervals occurred between ca. 1800 and 1500 cal a BP\ud \ud (150–450 AD), 1350–1250 (600–700 AD), 1100–800 (850–1150 AD), and at ca. 90 cal a BP (1860 AD). Between\ud \ud ca. 4100 and 2500 cal a BP d18O values are relatively high, with three prominent peaks indicating drier conditions at\ud \ud ca. 4100–4000 cal a BP, ca. 3500 and at ca. 3300 cal a BP. Four additional drier events are identified at 1850 (ca. 100\ud \ud AD), 1400 (ca. 550 AD), 1150 (800 AD) and ca.750 cal a BP (1200 AD). The pollen record does not show changes in\ud \ud accordance with these episodes owing to the poor sensitivity of vegetation in this area, which is dominated by an\ud \ud orographic rainfall effect and where changes in altitudinal vegetation belts do not affect the pollen rain in the lake\ud \ud catchment. However, since ca. 900 cal a BP a significant decrease in the percentage arboreal pollen and in pollen\ud \ud concentrations suggest major deforestation produced by human activities

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The last 500 year of sedimentation in Shkodra Lake (Albania/Montenegro): paleoenvironmental evolution and potential for paleoseismicity studies

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Submarine Earthquake History of the Çınarcık Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey

Submarine Earthquake History of the Çınarcık Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey

The Holocene tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Shkodra (Albania and Montenegro)

Multiproxy record for the last 4500 years from Lake Shkodra (Albania/Montenegro)

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