The large‐scale immobilization of Penicillium chrysogenum: Batch and continuous operation in an air‐lift reactor

Abstract

A temperature-sensitive cell division cycle mutant of Penicillium chrysogenum P2 has been immobilized on Celite and grown in a 250-320-L working volume air-lift fermenter. The ability to uncouple growth and penicillin synthesis by raising the temperature to 30 degrees C also overcame the problem of the free cell mass which appeared after 300 h operation with the parent organism. After 500 h operation, penicillin and ACV dimer were still being synthesized.

Application of mineral support on cephamycin C production in culture using soybean oil as the sole carbon source

“…The production yield at 50 g/L of oil with support indicated a twofold increase compared to that without the support. This may be due to the possibility that accumulated fatty acids Keshavarz et al (1990) was casamino acid instead of fish meal. may be inhibitory to cephamycin C production .…”

“…Three methods to immobilize molds or fungi are known: an adsorption on a support; an adhesion on the surface of a support; and an entrapment inside a support. Keshavarz et al (1990) reported that the spores of Penicillium chrysogenum were adsorbed on celite particles, which enabled scale-up to a 320-L reactor. Adhesion has been used mostly for immobilization of fungi.…”

An HPLC procedure for monitoring penicillin G fermentations

“…P = Peak area x 10 .6 (arbitrary u, nits); C = Concentration (mg mll); G-oic = Pen G-oic acid; DET.LT. = Detection Limit (ng ml ~) at signal-to-noise ratio = 5 : t. Calibrations were made immediately before and after HPLC analysis of broth samples collected from fermentation runs (Keshavarz et al, 1990) over a period of two months. Day-today reproducibility was determined by peak area mea~surement of repeat injections (n=7) taken on different days using a concentration of,0.5 mg ml" for each analyte with the exception of 6-APA which was determined at 0.1 mg ml".…”

Application of hydrodynamic cavitation in ballast water treatment

“…3 Illustration of the fluid flow in hydrodynamic cavitation constriction (Gogate and Pandit 2011, modified) many studies (Balasundaram and Pandit 2001;Farkade et al 2006;Geciova et al 2002;Harrison and Pandit 1992;Save et al 1997). Engler and Robinson (1981) and Keshavarz et al (1990) determined that effective disruption of cell walls with high-pressure homogenizer is possible due to the impact of high-velocity jet of suspended cells on a stable surface. Save et al (1994) proposed the usage of pressure impulses formed by collapsing cavities as a practical option for cell disruption.…”