The Large Binocular Telescope mid-infrared camera (LMIRcam): final design and status

Skrutskie, Michael F.; Jones, T. J.; Hinz, Philip M.; Garnavich, P.; Wilson, John C.; Solheid, Elliott; Durney, Olivier; Hoffmann, W. F.; Vaitheeswaran, Vidhya; McMahon, T. J.; Leisenring, Jarron; Wong, Aileen

doi:10.1117/12.857724

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…For example, the white dwarf companion Gliese 86 B (J − K = 1.0 ± 0.3) was initially characterized as a brown dwarf (Els et al 2001;Mugrauer & Neuhäuser 2005). Deeper L -band observations obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT; Skrutskie et al 2010;Skemer et al 2012) and direct NIR spectroscopy measurements using an integral-field unit (Hinkley et al 2011) will allow us to refine HD 114174 B's physical properties. Furthermore, it may be possible to study HD 114174 B at shorter wavelengths using Hubble Space Telescope in a fashion similar to that of Barstow et al (2005) who obtained a spectrum of Sirius B with STIS.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

Crepp

Johnson

Howard

et al. 2013

ApJ

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The nearby Sun-like star HD 114174 exhibits a strong and persistent Doppler acceleration indicating the presence of an unseen distant companion. We have acquired high-contrast imaging observations of this star using NIRC2 at Keck and report the direct detection of the body responsible for causing the "trend." HD 114174 B has a projected separation of 692 ± 9 mas (18.1 AU) and is 10.75 ± 0.12 mag (contrast of 5 × 10 −5 ) fainter than its host in the K-band, requiring aggressive point-spread function subtraction to identify. Our astrometric time baseline of 1.4 yr demonstrates physical association through common proper motion. We find that the companion has absolute magnitude, M J = 13.97 ± 0.11, and colors, J − K = 0.12 ± 0.16 mag. These characteristics are consistent with an ≈T3 dwarf, initially leading us to believe that HD 114174 B was a substellar object. However, a dynamical analysis that combines radial velocity measurements with available imaging data indicates a minimum mass of 0.260 ± 0.010 M . We conclude that HD 114174 B must be a white dwarf. Assuming a hydrogen-rich composition, atmospheric and evolutionary model fits yield an effective temperature T eff = 8200 ± 4000 K, surface gravity log g = 8.90 ± 0.02, and cooling age of t c ≈ 3.4 Gyr, which is consistent with the 4.7 +2.3 −2.6 Gyr host star isochronal age estimate. HD 114174 B is a benchmark object located only 26.14 ± 0.37 pc from the Sun. It may be studied at a level of detail comparable to Sirius and Procyon, and used to understand the link between the mass of white dwarf remnants with that of their progenitors.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

Crepp

Johnson

Howard

et al. 2013

ApJ

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“…We observed the HR 8799 planetary system in six 5% bandwidth filters from 3.0 to 3.8 μm (see filter properties in the Appendix) on UT 2012 November 2 using LBTI ) and its 1-5 μm camera LMIRCam (Skrutskie et al 2010;Leisenring et al 2012). The LMIRCam detector is a Hawaii-2RG, 5 μm-doped HgCdTe device, with 32 readouts.…”

Section: Hr 8799mentioning

confidence: 99%

DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED^,

Skemer

Marley

Hinz

et al. 2014

ApJ

151

208

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Gas-giant planets emit a large fraction of their light in the mid-infrared ( 3 μm), where photometry and spectroscopy are critical to our understanding of the bulk properties of extrasolar planets. Of particular importance are the L-and M-band atmospheric windows (3-5 μm), which are the longest wavelengths currently accessible to ground-based, high-contrast imagers. We present binocular LBT adaptive optics (AO) images of the HR 8799 planetary system in six narrow-band filters from 3 to 4 μm, and a Magellan AO image of the 2M1207 planetary system in a broader 3.3 μm band. These systems encompass the five known exoplanets with luminosities consistent with L → T transition brown dwarfs. Our results show that the exoplanets are brighter and have shallower spectral slopes than equivalent temperature brown dwarfs in a wavelength range that contains the methane fundamental absorption feature (spanned by the narrow-band filters and encompassed by the broader 3.3 μm filter). For 2M1207 b, we find that thick clouds and non-equilibrium chemistry caused by vertical mixing can explain the object's appearance. For the HR 8799 planets, we present new models that suggest the atmospheres must have patchy clouds, along with non-equilibrium chemistry. Together, the presence of a heterogeneous surface and vertical mixing presents a picture of dynamic planetary atmospheres in which both horizontal and vertical motions influence the chemical and condensate profiles.

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“…High-contrast imaging observations are obtained using NIRC2 (PI: Keith Matthews) and the Keck II adaptive optics (AO) system (Wizinowich et al 2000). We are also expanding this program to include AO observations with the Project 1640 spectral imager at Palomar (Hinkley et al 2011) and LMIRCam at the Large Binocular Telescope (Skrutskie et al 2010;Skemer et al 2012). Our strategy is to maximize on-sky sensitivity by employing all of the powerful techniques recently developed for high-contrast imaging applications, including coronagraphy (Guyon et al 2006;Crepp et al 2010) and aggressive point-spread function subtraction to remove residual scattered starlight from images (Marois et al 2006;Lafrenière et al 2007;Crepp et al 2011;Soummer et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. I. Three Benchmark M Dwarfs Orbiting Solar-Type Stars

Crepp

Johnson

Howard

et al. 2012

ApJ

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We present initial results from a new high-contrast imaging program dedicated to stars that exhibit long-term Doppler radial velocity accelerations (or "trends"). The goal of the TRENDS (TaRgetting bENchmark-objects with Doppler Spectroscopy) imaging survey is to directly detect and study the companions responsible for accelerating their host star. In this first paper of the series, we report the discovery of low-mass stellar companions orbiting HD 53665, HD 68017, and HD 71881 using NIRC2 adaptive optics (AO) observations at Keck. Follow-up imaging demonstrates association through common proper motion. These comoving companions have red colors with estimated spectral types of K7-M0, M5, and M3-M4, respectively. We determine a firm lower limit to their mass from Doppler and astrometric measurements. In the near future, it will be possible to construct three-dimensional orbits and calculate the dynamical mass of HD 68017 B and possibly HD 71881 B. We already detect astrometric orbital motion of HD 68017 B, which has a projected separation of 13.0 AU. Each companion is amenable to AO-assisted direct spectroscopy. Further, each companion orbits a solar-type star, making it possible to infer metallicity and age from the primary. Such benchmark objects are essential for testing theoretical models of cool dwarf atmospheres.

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The Large Binocular Telescope mid-infrared camera (LMIRcam): final design and status

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED^,

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. I. Three Benchmark M Dwarfs Orbiting Solar-Type Stars

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The Large Binocular Telescope mid-infrared camera (LMIRcam): final design and status

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. Iii. A Faint White Dwarf Companion Orbiting Hd 114174

DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED,

The Trends High-Contrast Imaging Survey. I. Three Benchmark M Dwarfs Orbiting Solar-Type Stars

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DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED^,