The Lancet Commission on water, sanitation and hygiene, and health

Amebelu, Argaw; Ban, Radu; Bhagwan, Jay; Brown, Joe; Chilengi, Roma; Chandler, Clare I R; Colford, John M.; Cumming, Oliver; Curtis, Valérie; Evans, Barbara; Freeman, Matthew C.; Guiteras, Raymond; Howard, Guy; Humphrey, Jean H.; Kang, Gagandeep; Kulabako, Robinah; Lanata, Claudio F.; Montgomery, Maggie; Pickering, Amy J.; Null, Clair; Wolf, Jennyfer

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02005-5

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In 2021, a Lancet Commission on WASH and health was published. 15 For the work of the Commission, updated estimates of disease burden attributable to WASH are needed, which require up-to-date estimates for the effect of different WASH exposures on risk of diarrhoea. This process is being done in collaboration between several institutions, with the aim of achieving greater alignment between previously divergent burden of disease estimates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, while SDG Target 6.2 emphasizes "paying special attention to the needs of women and girls," who are recognized as WASH duty-bearers globally, [17][18][19][20] data often fail to reflect the gender-specific benefits and harms of WASH conditions, behaviors, and interventions. Despite recognition of WASH 'as a pathway to gender equality', [21] a full understanding of the gendered effects of WASH remains limited, prompting calls for improved gender measurement, data, and learning [19,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis

et al. 2022

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Historically, water and sanitation programs have focused on women’s instrumental value in improving conditions and behaviors. No reviews have synthesized evidence on water and sanitation and women’s and girls’ empowerment. This review a) identified empirical water and sanitation research that engaged empowerment and/or empowerment-related domains; b) reported empowerment-related terminology used, research locations, methods leveraged, if water and/or sanitation was the focus; and c) synthesized evidence. A conceptual model of women’s and girls’ empowerment, which includes three interrelated domains (agency, resources, institutional structures), informed the search and analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CABI Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and AGRICOLA for peer-reviewed sources presenting research on water and/or sanitation and either empowerment and/or related terms from the model (4 May 2020). We identified 12,616 publications; 257 were included, representing over 1,600,000 participants. We used the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and followed the ‘best-fit framework synthesis’ analysis approach, using the model domains and sub-domains as codes. We inductively identified two additional sub-domains relevant to water and sanitation: privacy and freedom of movement. Thematic analysis guided synthesis of coded text. The majority of research took place in Asia (46%; 117) or Africa (40%; 102), engaged adults (69%; 177), and was published since 2010; (82%; 211). The greatest proportion of studies focused on water (45%; 115). Over half of studies used the term empowerment, yet only 7% (17) provided a clear definition or conceptualization. Agency was the least commonly engaged domain (47%; 122); the Resources domain was dominant (94%; 241). Measures for assessing empowerment are limited. Inclusion of only peer-reviewed sources in English is a main limitation. Well-conceptualized water and sanitation research that engages women’s and girls’ empowerment is limited. A more comprehensive ‘transformative WASH’ that includes gender-transformative approaches to challenge and reduce systemic constraints on women’s and girls’ resources and agency is long overdue.

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“…However, the quality of drinking water consumed by people differs and depends on several factors, such as its source and degree of purity, the existence of sewage treatment and treatment plants, and the existence of modern equipment to ensure compliant physical–chemical parameters of the water managed by the supplying companies, of the efficient distribution, and of the transport logistics for the drinkable water, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Method for Testing the Quality of Drinking-Water Filters Used for Home Necessities

Crișan

Șerdean

Bîrleanu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This paper presents research conducted in the direction of analyzing the efficiency of filters used for drinking water intended for domestic consumption, with effects on the water quality gained from the public distribution network. A basic method that uses accessible techniques, such as optical microscopy and tests that involve the use of existing products on the consumer market, was developed regarding the filtration capacities of the main filters existing on the market—a method that has advantages, such as speed and ease of application, a unitary character in obtaining samples, low costs, and high efficiency. The technique approached is that of microscopy, and the samples used were taken from the laboratory tests made on the mentioned filters, using a specific experimental stand designed to support laboratory tests by using chosen filter cartridges. The research results obtained were analyzed to make a classification from the perspective of filtration efficiency, in terms of using statistical analysis tools (mathematical models and methods processed in MATLAB software). Moreover, by using a certain type of application based on specific mathematical algorithms, which takes into account some influential factors with a decisive role on household consumers, it was aimed to identify the optimal filter element for acquisition and use in its own regime. The aim of the study was to identify the optimal filter cartridge from the perspective of quality–price ratio.

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The Lancet Commission on water, sanitation and hygiene, and health

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis

An Efficient Method for Testing the Quality of Drinking-Water Filters Used for Home Necessities

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