The laboratory measurement and interpretation of the small-strain stiffness of stiff clays

Gasparre, A.; Hight, D. W.; Coop, M. R.; Jardine, Richard J.

doi:10.1680/geot.13.p.227

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It represents the region on the stiffness-strain curve where the strength of the soil is expected to reach its climax (Jardine et al, 1985a). The importance of soil laboratory characterization will never be over emphasized as it has contributed immensely towards a better understanding of behaviour of soil that surrounds geotechnical structures (Atkinson, 2000;Gasparre et al, 2014;Nishimura and Abdiel, 2017). Triaxial testing is one of the most popular and versatile apparatus for laboratory characterization of soil which is globally acceptable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of small-strain stiffness of soil in a triaxial setup: Review of local instrumentation

Isah¹,

Civil²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2018

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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Accurate determination of soil stiffness at small strain (0.001 % -0.1 % strain) is very important as it portrayed the stiffness of soil underneath geotechnical structures. To evaluate stiffness at small strain, it is important to achieve a minimum strain measurement accuracy of 10-4 %, this is attained using transducers, strain gauges and sensors which are attached on the specimen locally inside the triaxial cell. Several local strains measuring techniques have emerged with the intention of developing a seamless system which is easy, accurate and less expensive. This study epitomizes the existing types of small strain measuring instrumentation, their trend of development and technology. Those that can measure both axial and radial strain, axial strain alone and radial strain alone are distinguished and described. Also, the accuracy, features, merits, and demerits of each type of device have been discussed accordingly. This paper provides information that enables selection of a suitable device that will best fit a particular application. It is anticipated that the study will inspire further researches in the area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of small-strain stiffness of soil in a triaxial setup: Review of local instrumentation

Isah¹,

Civil²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2018

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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“…Stress-strain measurements can be severely compromised by any residual creep straining that may apply prior to shearing; see Jardine (1985), Gasparre et al (2014) or Nishimura (2014). Sufficient pause times were therefore imposed after all consolidation stages for creep rates to stabilise before commencing undrained shearing.…”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The undrained shear strength anisotropy of four Jurassic to Eocene stiff clays

2017

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The shear strength of heavily overconsolidated, stiff-to-hard plastic clays is crucial to their stability and also influential on the ground movements they develop in many geotechnical engineering applications. This paper considers the shear strength anisotropy of the London, Gault, Kimmeridge and Oxford clays through advanced hollow cylinder experiments on multiple high-quality samples taken at similar depths from inland sites where the geotechnical profiles have been established by comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing. Suites of undrained tests are reported, which loaded specimens from their in situ stress states to reach ultimate failure at pre-defined final major principal stress axis orientations defined in the vertical plane, while also controlling or monitoring the intermediate principal stress ratio, b. Both stress path and simple shear tests were undertaken with the hollow cylinder apparatus, which offers key advantages over conventional simple shear equipment. The interpretation reveals patterns of marked shear strength anisotropy that impact significantly on numerous geotechnical engineering applications.

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“…The critical importance (Jardine 1985, Gasparre et al 2014) of allowing samples to rest under drained conditions after completing all pore pressure dissipation during reconsolidation was recognised and all shearing stages were delayed until drained axial creep rates had fallen to rates lower than 5 x 10 -5 %/hr. The shearing rates applied in undrained tests were 0.02 %/hr, while drained tests were conducted sufficiently slowly for excess pore pressures to dissipate to negligible values.…”

Section: Triaxial Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider the experiments identified in Tables 2 and 3 drawn from the broader programmes reported by Hosseini-Kamal (2012) and Brosse (2012) and synthesise these with the London clay measurements by Gasparre (2005), Nishimura (2006), AnhMinh (2006) and Gasparre et al (2007bGasparre et al ( ), (2014. We focus on intact samples retrieved from approximately 10m below the top of each clay unit; attention is also given to the behaviour of reconstituted specimens of all four clays and of natural shallower samples taken at around 3.5m depth at the Gault clay test site.…”

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confidence: 99%

Undrained stiffness anisotropy from hollow cylinder experiments on four Eocene-to-Jurassic UK stiff clays

2017

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The paper describes the anisotropic undrained stiffness behaviour of four medium-plasticity heavily overconsolidated UK stiff marine clays as revealed through hollow cylinder testing. The experiments contributed to two broader studies on stiff-to-hard London, Gault, Kimmeridge, and Oxford clay strata. They involved static and dynamic testing of multiple high-quality natural specimens sampled at similar depths from inland sites. This paper explores the directional dependency of the clays’ highly nonlinear undrained stiffness characteristics. New data-analysis approaches are outlined that allow the stiffnesses associated with one-dimensional vertical, horizontal, or pure horizontal shear modes to be isolated in complex undrained stress paths. In the presented experiments, loading progressed from in situ stresses to reach ultimate failure at a range of final major principal stress orientation angles α (defined in the vertical plane) while keeping fixed values of the intermediate principal stress ratio, b. The tests reveal strong undrained stiffness anisotropy that can impact significantly on the prediction and understanding of ground deformation patterns in numerous geotechnical engineering applications.

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The laboratory measurement and interpretation of the small-strain stiffness of stiff clays

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement of small-strain stiffness of soil in a triaxial setup: Review of local instrumentation

Measurement of small-strain stiffness of soil in a triaxial setup: Review of local instrumentation

The undrained shear strength anisotropy of four Jurassic to Eocene stiff clays

Undrained stiffness anisotropy from hollow cylinder experiments on four Eocene-to-Jurassic UK stiff clays

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