The kinetics of electron transfer reaction of methylene green and titanium trichloride in different solvents

Saeed, Rehana; Nadeem, Syed Muhammad Saqib

doi:10.1134/s0036024416060194

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The energy of activation is positive, showing that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the temperature . The energy of activation increased with a decrease in polarity of the solvent due to more hindrance in a less polar solvent, which decreased the number of collisions between the reactant species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Freshly prepared double‐distilled water with conductance (6 × 10 −8 S/cm) was used for the preparation of all solutions. Feiser's arrangement was used for the removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture by purging of 99.99% pure inert nitrogen gas . A thermostatic water bath (circulator, model, YCW01, made in Taiwan) was used to study the effect of temperature variation on the kinetics of the reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue and titanium trichloride in different solvents

Nadeem

Saeed

2018

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The kinetics of photo-induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue (MB) and titanium trichloride (TiCl 3 ) was investigated in water and aqueous ethyl acetate by determining the quantum yield of the reaction using optical spectrometry as the analytical technique. The reaction is pseudo-first order, dependent only on the concentration of titanium trichloride at a fixed concentration of MB. The effect of the solvent on the quantum yield was studied in the acidic range from 4.0 to 7.0. The quantum yield was maximum at acidity (pH/H o ) 5.0, while it decreased on either increase or decrease in acidity (pH/H o ). The quantum yield of the reaction was high in water and decreased in 10% aqueous ethyl acetate. The absence of any reaction intermediate was confirmed by spectral analysis of the partially reacted mixture. A reaction mechanism has been suggested in accordance with the existence of different excited states of MB. The quantum yield increased with increase in temperature. The effect of temperature on the quantum yield of the reaction was used to determine the activation energy (E a ) using Arrhenius relation, and other thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change (ΔH*), free energy change (ΔG*), and entropy change (ΔS*), were also evaluated. K E Y W O R D S ethyl acetate, kinetic, methylene blue, thermodynamic, titanium trichloride 1 | INTRODUCTIONMethylene blue (MB) (C 16 H 18 ClN 3 S) is a polyaromatic, heterocyclic, and cationic dye with a thiazine ring structure. It has good solubility in water and other polar solvents. The structure of MB is shown below.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue and titanium trichloride in different solvents

Nadeem

Saeed

2018

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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“…The energy of activation of photoinduced electron transfer reaction of MB with titanium trichloride was determined by using the Arrhenius equation:

normalln ϕ = normalln A - E_{a} false/ normalR normalT

where R is the gas constant, E a is the energy of activation, A is the frequency factor, and T is the temperature . The activation energy was calculated from the slope of the plot of ln ϕ versus 1/ T .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermodynamic parameters for the reaction are given in Table , and a representative plot is shown in Figure . The enthalpy change of activation (Δ H * ), entropy change of activation (Δ S * ), and free energy change of activation (Δ G * ) were calculated by the following relations:

normalΔ H^{*} = E_{a} - R T

normalln A = normalln ((), K_{b} T false/ h) \times normalΔ S^{*} false/ R

normalΔ G^{*} = normalΔ H^{*} - T normalΔ S^{*}

where K b is the Boltzman constant and h is the Plank constant. The energy of activation is affected by the polarity of the solvent and concentration of titanium trichloride.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Photokinetics of Electron Transfer Reaction of Methylene Blue with Titanium Trichloride in Aqueous–Alcoholic Solvents

Nadeem

Saeed

2017

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer reaction of methylene blue (MB) and titanium trichloride was investigated in water and different aqueous–alcoholic solvents. The reaction is pseudo‐first order, dependent only on the concentration of titanium trichloride at a fixed concentration of MB. The effect of water and aqueous–alcoholic solvents was studied in the acidic pH range (4–7). It was observed that the quantum yield (ϕ) of the reaction increased with increase in polarity of the reaction medium. The quantum yield was high under acidic conditions and decreased with further increase in acidity. The addition of ions and increase in temperature increased the rate and quantum yield of the reaction. The absence of any reaction intermediate was confirmed by spectroscopic investigations. A mechanism for the reaction has been proposed in accordance with the kinetics of the reaction. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated by the Arrhenius relation. Thermodynamic parameters such as Ea, enthalpy change (ΔH), free energy change (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS) were also evaluated.

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Solvent effect on the Spectra of Methylene Green and Methylene Blue

et al. 2022

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The kinetics of electron transfer reaction of methylene green and titanium trichloride in different solvents

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue and titanium trichloride in different solvents

The kinetics of photo‐induced chemical transformation reaction of methylene blue and titanium trichloride in different solvents

The Photokinetics of Electron Transfer Reaction of Methylene Blue with Titanium Trichloride in Aqueous–Alcoholic Solvents

Solvent effect on the Spectra of Methylene Green and Methylene Blue

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