The killing of plant tissue by low temperature

Chandler, William Henry

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.17385

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…without leaves) Sakai (1966) suggested that the freezing of plant tissues commences at temperatures of -2 to -4 °C, however, the rate of tissue mortality is most likely dependent on the rate of freezing. Chandler (1913) showed that plant tissues derived from fruit trees that were rapidly frozen were demonstrated to be killed at temperatures 4.5 °C higher than those tissues frozen at slower rates. The required range of temperatures and the speed of the thaw/freeze cycle that predispose winter sunscald damages for P. avium is not known, therefore, a set of criteria were proposed to highlight potential sunscald events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the time of damage can be problematic, it can be assumed that there are two periods of risk for sun exposed tree boles. Perceptibly, during summer, when cambial temperatures become too high (Huber 1935;Levitt 1980) due to direct solar radiation, this effect is known as sunburn or high temperature injury (HTI) (Leers 2013), or during winter, a phenomenon referred to as sunscald (Chandler 1913;Huberman 1943;Roppolo and Miller 2001;Wagner and Kuhns 2011). Sunscald damage is suggested to occur when cambial temperatures fluctuate during cold but bright winter days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) grown within an agroforestry system

Sheppard¹,

Morhart²,

Spiecker³

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (Prunus avium) grown within an agroforestry system Sheppard J., Morhart C., Spiecker H. (2016). Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (Prunus avium) grown within an agroforestry system. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. Highlights• Widely spaced trees within agroforestry systems are at risk of sun induced damages.• Bark surface temperature on the south western bole face reached nearly 50 °C in summer and experienced a maximum range of 38 °C within a 24 hour period in spring. • Maximum and minimum daily bark surface temperatures are modelled using climatic and solar position data. • The application of white paint to stems reduces the bark surface temperature. AbstractGrowing Prunus avium L. within an agroforestry system (AFS) may result in sun damage to cambial tissues on sun-exposed bole faces. There are two periods of risk of damage caused by insolation to exposed tree boles, the summer, when cambial temperatures become too high, or during winter, when the frozen dormant cambium tissue thaws and then rapidly re-freezes, a phenomenon commonly referred to as sunscald or southwest disease. Damage on the south western bole face was observed on a number of P. avium within an AFS. Five trees were sampled to assess the period in time that damage occurred. To retrospectively investigate such damage, bark surface temperature data were collected over a two year period for a further five P. avium and analysed. It was shown that bark surface temperature on the south western bole face reached nearly 50 °C during summer and experienced a maximum range of 38 °C within a 24 hour period in spring. A specially formulated white paint was applied to two trees, thus, testing a method to reduce the risk of sun damage. Two models were constructed to predict maximum and minimum daily bark surface temperature using maximum, minimum and mean daily air temperature, daily sum of sunshine hours, cloud cover, wind speed, relative humidity, maximum solar elevation and height on the tree bole as predictor variables. The damage occurred during winter 2009/2010. The models were used to identify maximum and minimum bark surface temperatures during that winter enabling the identification of possible damage events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) grown within an agroforestry system

Sheppard¹,

Morhart²,

Spiecker³

2016

Silva Fenn.

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“…Many studies have been made on spring frost damage to domestic deciduous trees, particularly the apple (Chandler 1913, Roberts 1922, Dorsey and Strausbaugh 1923, Hildreth 1926, and Siminovitch and Scarth 1938. There is little information, however, on frost damage to deciduous trees growing in a natural habitat.…”

Section: University Of Colorado Boulder Coloradomentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent Variations in the Response of Aspen to Frost Damage

Egeberg¹

1963

Ecology

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“…While the importance of leaf and air temperatures for plant physiological ecology has been recognized since at least the beginning of the 20th century (e.g., Chandler, 1913), available sampling methodologies have restricted its study to limited spatial extents and resolutions. Studies have mainly focused on either fine-scale point measurements to estimate leaf temperature (e.g., thermocouple measurements; Wilson, 1957) or coarse-scale measurements made by satellite sensors to estimate land surface temperatures and evapotranspiration rates (e.g., MODIS, Landsat, and ASTER thermal sensors; Gillies and Carlson, 1995;Matsushima and Kondo, 2000;Allen et al, 2007;Sobrino et al, 2007;Anderson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%