The Kidney in Pregnancy: A Review

Davison, John M.

doi:10.1177/014107688307600610

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Daugherty, Ueki, Nicholas & Brenner, 1973). Furthermore, if volume homeostasis is reset during pregnancy such that the pregnant rat and human respond as though the new and increasing ECFV is always normal (Davison, 1983;Barron, Stamoutsos & Lindheimer, 1984), alterations in fractional reabsorption might not be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephron in conscious pregnant rats and third trimester women.

Atherton

Bielińska

Davison

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Sodium and water reabsorption were determined in virgin controls and rats at 9 and 20 days of pregnancy during a water diuresis induced and maintained by infusion of 2f5% dextrose and in normally hydrated women during the third trimester and again 2-3 months after delivery.2. Reabsorption from the proximal tubules and distal nephron segments was assessed using the clearance of lithium as a marker of the sodium and water delivery from the proximal tubules to the loops of Henle.3. Glomerular filtration rate and whole-kidney reabsorption of sodium and water were significantly increased at both stages of pregnancy in rats and late in pregnancy in women when compared to the respective non-pregnant control. Fractional reabsorption was unaltered in pregnant rats but increased in pregnant women.4. Proximal tubule sodium and water reabsorption were increased in pregnant rats and women; fractional reabsorption was unaltered.5. Absolute reabsorption of sodium and water in distal nephron segments were increased during pregnancy in both rats and women. Although increases in fractional reabsorption were detected in pregnant women, this was not the case at either stage of gestation in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephron in conscious pregnant rats and third trimester women.

Atherton

Bielińska

Davison

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

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“…They decrease again during the last weeks of pregnancy (Davison, 1983). Despite this increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, no increase in renal loss of water occurs, and filtered solutes are reabsorbed with high efficiency ( 99%) (Lind, 1983).…”

Section: Total Body Water and Its Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

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2010

EFS2

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This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of dietary reference values for water for specific age groups. Adequate Intakes (AI) have been defined derived from a combination of observed intakes in population groups with desirable osmolarity values of urine and desirable water volumes per energy unit consumed. The reference values for total water intake include water from drinking water, beverages of all kind, and from food moisture and only apply to conditions of moderate environmental temperature and moderate physical activity levels (PAL 1.6). AIs for infants in the first half of the first year of life are estimated to be 100-190 mL/kg per day. For infants 6-12 months of age a total water intake of 800-1000 mL/day is considered adequate. For the second year of life an adequate total water intake of 1100-1200 mL/day is defined by interpolation, as intake data are not available. AIs of water for children are estimated to be 1300 mL/day for boys and girls 2-3 years of age; 1600 mL/day for boys and girls 4-8 years of age; 2100 mL/day for boys 9-13 years of age; 1900 mL/day for girls 9-13 years of age. Adolescents of 14 years and older are considered as adults with respect to adequate water intake. Available data for adults permit the definition of AIs as 2.0 L/day (P 95 3.1 L) for females and 2.5 L/day (P95 4.0 L) for males. The same AIs as for adults are defined for the elderly. For pregnant women the same water intake as in non-pregnant women plus an increase in proportion to the increase in energy intake (300 mL/day) is proposed. For lactating women adequate water intakes of about 700 mL/day above the AIs of non-lactating women of the same age are derived. KEY WORDSWater, total body water, hydration, osmolarity, water balance, regulation, distribution, consumption, water loss, water requirement, adequate intake SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific Opinion on Population Reference Intakes.Water is consumed from different sources, which include drinking water (tap and bottled water), beverages, moisture content of foods, and water produced by oxidative processes in the body. Water intake from beverages and foods is defined as total water intake, while the sum of total water intake and oxidation water constitutes total available water.Water is essential for practically all functions of the body and is particularly important for thermoregulation.A water intake which balances losses and thereby assures adequate hydration of body tissues is essential for health and life.The water content of the body and the distribution of body water over the intracellular and extracellular compartments of the body changes with age, but is under tight homeostatic control for an individual in a given stage of life.Loss of body weight, denoting loss of body water, of about 1% is normally compensated within 24 hours. Without compensation and furthe...

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“…It is commonly thought that normal pregnant women may excrete up to 300 m g/day of urinary protein, this value being twice as high as the upper limit of normal range in the nonpregnant state [1][2][3]. It has been suspected that the increased urinary protein excretion may be the consequence of the elevated glomerular filtration rate associated w'ith normal pregnancy [3,4], Urinary albumin is a well-established marker of glomerular hyperpermea bility to macromolecules, and it can be measured by methods with a sensitivity much higher than conven tional laboratory tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Albumin Excretion in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Misiani

Marchesi

Tiraboschi

et al. 1991

Nephron

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We measured the urinary excretion of albumin in 67 healthy primigravidae, at monthly intervals, from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation and 12 weeks postpaitum. Of the 67 primigravidae, 55 completed a normal pregnancy and 12 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. In the latter group, an additional measurement of urinary albumin excretion was performed at 24 weeks postpartum. The aims of the study were: to look for changes of urinary albumin excretion during the progression of normal pregnancy; to assess if microalbuminuria could be an early feature of pregnancy-induced hypertension; to evaluate the effects of physical activity on the excretion of albumin in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension. In contrast with glomerular hyperfiltration and increased urinary total protein, two recognized characteristics of the pregnant state, we found that normal primigravidae, during the day, excrete significantly less albumin (p between < 0.01 and < 0.001) in comparison with the postpartum period and nonpregnant women. Normal primigravidae, as a group, showed parallel changes of urinary albumin excretion and diastolic blood pressure throughout pregnancy and postpartum, suggesting an important physiologic role of hemodynamic factors in regulating glomerular permeability to albumin. The daytime urinary albumin excretion in patients developing pregnancy-induced hypertension was significantly higher (p between < 0.005 and < 0.001) than in normal pregnancy from the 28th gestational week onwards. The increased urinary albumin excretion preceded the onset of hypertension and tended to persist long after blood pressure had returned to normal levels. We conclude that the pregnant state changes the pattern of urinary protein excretion in normal primigravidae, and that the overt clinical manifestations of pregnancy-induced hypertension are preceded and followed by long-lasting phases of increased urinary albumin loss.

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The Kidney in Pregnancy: A Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

Sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephron in conscious pregnant rats and third trimester women.

Sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephron in conscious pregnant rats and third trimester women.

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

Urinary Albumin Excretion in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

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