Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

Products, Efsa Panel on Dietetic

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459

Cited by 270 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Nutrient requirements and references should be differentiated from recommended intakes because of differences in the methodology for their derivation and their intention. Considering amongst other nutrient goals for a given population, reference values are translated into recommendations for managing nutritional risks (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010g NDA Panel, 2010f, 2010d, 2010a, 2012a, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d and endorsed opinions on DRVs for biotin and pantothenic acid for public consultation (EFSA NDA Panel, 2013g, 2013a.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its previous Opinion (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010a), the Panel derived an AI for total dietary water of 100 to 190 mL per kg body weight per day based on an average daily volume of milk of 800 mL, equivalent to 696 mL of water and an upper bound of human milk intake of 1 200 mL per day, corresponding to 1 044 mL of water.…”

Section: To < 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Panel's previous Opinion (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010a), an AI of 1 300 mL of total dietary water per day for the age group two to three years was derived based on observed mean intakes, which ranged from 1 100 to 1 200 mL per day, and correcting for a desirable water-energy relationship and for inter-individual variation. The AI of 1 100 to 1 200 mL of total dietary water for children aged one to two years was set by interpolation.…”

Section: To < 36 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Products¹

2013

EFS2

146

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. This Opinion describes the dietary requirements of infants and young children, compares dietary intakes and requirements in infants and young children in Europe and, based on these findings, concludes on the potential role of young-child formulae in the diets of infants and young children, including whether they have any nutritional benefits when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of infants and young children. The Panel concluded on the levels of nutrient and energy intakes that are considered adequate for the majority of infants and young children, and evaluated the risk of inadequate nutrient intakes in infants and young children in living Europe. Dietary intakes of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iron, vitamin D and iodine (in some European countries) are low in infants and young children living in Europe, and particular attention should be paid to ensuring an appropriate supply of ALA, DHA, iron, vitamin D and iodine in infants and young children with inadequate or at risk of inadequate status of these nutrients. No unique role of young-child formulae with respect to the provision of critical nutrients in the diet of infants and young children living in Europe can be identified, so that they cannot be considered as a necessity to satisfy the nutritional requirements of young children when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of young children (such as breast milk, infant formulae, follow-on formulae and cow's milk).

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: To < 6 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: To < 36 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Products¹

2013

EFS2

146

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“…In Europe, adult protein intakes at the upper end (90-97.5 th percentile) of the intake distributions have been reported to be between 17 and 27 E%. Water is consumed from different sources, which include drinking water (tap and bottled water), beverages, moisture content of foods, and water produced by oxidative processes in the body (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010d) . Water intake from beverages and foods is defined as total water intake, while the sum of total water intake and oxidation water constitutes total available water.…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Reference Values for nutrients Summary report

2017

EFSA Supporting Publications

298

191

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Dietary reference values (DRVs) is an umbrella term for the complete set of nutrient reference values which include population reference intakes (PRIs), the average requirements (ARs), adequate intakes (AIs) and reference intake (RIs) ranges for macronutrients. These values indicate the amount of a nutrient which must be consumed on a regular basis to maintain health in an otherwise healthy individual (or population). In 2005, the European Commission asked EFSA to review the advice of the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) dated 1993 on DRVs for the European population, to ensure that Community action in the area of nutrition was underpinned by the latest scientific evidence. The task was entrusted to the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). The Panel set the foundations for this task in an inaugural opinion published in 2010, which addressed the general principles for deriving and applying DRVs. A total of 32 scientific opinions were then published over 7 years, covering water, fats, carbohydrates and dietary fibre, protein, energy, as well as 14 vitamins and 13 minerals. This summary report brings together the summaries of the individual opinions, together with synthetic tables and annexes. It provides an overview of the outcome of EFSA's scientific deliberations for easy reference by end-users. This report is not meant to replace the original opinions. For the detailed reasoning behind individual values, the reader is invited to consult the full opinions.

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“…In its Scientific Opinion on DRVs for water (EFSA NDA Panel, 2010g), the NDA Panel acknowledged fundamental differences between athletes and the general adult population regarding water requirements and the risk of water balance disorders.…”

Section: Efsa's Nda Panel Beneficial Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific and technical assistance on food intended for sportspeople

2015

EFSA Supporting Publications

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The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to compile existing scientific advice in the area of nutrition and health claims and Dietary Reference Values for adults that is relevant to sportspeople and to inform the Commission on how such scientific advice relates to the different conclusions and specifications of the report of the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of 2001 on the composition and specification of food intended to meet the expenditure of intense muscular effort, especially for sportspeople. The scientific advice provided by the SCF and the subsequent scientific advice of EFSA do not differ regarding: a) the essential role of carbohydrate intake in relation to physical performance, and particularly in relation to the recovery of normal muscle function after strenuous exercise, and the role of vitamin B1 on carbohydrate metabolism; b) the role of hydration and carbohydrate supply in the maintenance of physical performance during endurance exercise, as well as on the role of electrolytes (particularly sodium) in the maintenance of adequate hydration during exercise and in post-exercise re-hydration; c) the essential role of protein in the growth and maintenance of muscle mass, and the role of vitamin B6 in protein metabolism; d) the essential role of micronutrients and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on body functions which may impact either athletic performance or specific health risks for athletes; e) the ergogenic properties of caffeine in endurance exercise; and f) the ergogenic effects of creatine in physical performance during short-term, high-intensity, repeated exercise bouts (i.e. in sports that require explosive, high-energy output activities especially of a repeated nature). In addition, EFSA completed the task of establishing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for vitamins and minerals initiated by the SCF and provided advice on the safety of caffeine, also when consumed prior to intense physical exercise. © European Food Safety Authority, 2015Key words: essential nutrients, ergogenic aids, sports, physical activity, physical performance, safety  the target population was either active individuals in the general population or subjects performing physical exercise, and/or  the claimed effect was related to aspects of exercise performance, such as: i) physical performance, endurance capacity, endurance performance, muscle mass, muscle strength, lean body mass; ii) muscle fatigue, water absorption, or the rated perceived exertion/effort during exercise; iii) recovery from muscle fatigue, restoration of muscle glycogen stores, and skeletal muscle tissue repair after exercise; iv) energy-yielding metabolism; Requestor: European Commission the claimed effect was related to certain health risks for athletes, such as: i) upper respiratory tract infections, ii) exercise-induced inflammation, iii) oxidative stress, iv) joint function.All published Scientific Opinions of the EFSA NDA Panel in the area of DRVs (for energy, water, macronutrients and micronutri...

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Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

Cited by 270 publications

References 98 publications

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Dietary Reference Values for nutrients Summary report

Scientific and technical assistance on food intended for sportspeople

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