The Kentucky Academy of Science

Gjullin, C. M.; Yates, W. W.; Stage, H. H.

doi:10.1126/science.89.2319.539-a

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, the causative relationships among bacterial cell density, DO concentration, and water soluble microbial metabolites remained ambiguous. For example, Gjullin et al [7] showed that 80% of eggs of Ae. lateralis (Meigen) (presumed to be Ae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aldrichi Dyar and Knab [ = Ae . sticticus (Meigen)]) were flooded with an actively fermenting plant infusion, significant egg hatch was observed, which was thought to be due to the presence of amino acids, proteins, and phosphate salts in the vegetation [7] . Subsequently, it was reported that bacterial species cultured from the plant infusion were differentially active in achieving egg hatch [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteria Stimulate Hatching of Yellow Fever Mosquito Eggs

et al. 2011

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Background Aedes aegypti Linnaeus is a peridomestic mosquito that lays desiccation-resistant eggs in water-filled human-made containers. Previous investigations connected egg hatching with declining dissolved oxygen (DO) that is associated with bacterial growth. However, past studies failed to uncouple DO from other potential stimulatory factors and they contained little quantitative information about the microbial community; consequently, a direct role for bacteria or compounds associated with bacteria in stimulating egg hatching cannot be dismissed.Methodology/Principal FindingsEnvironmental factors stimulating hatch of Ae. aegypti eggs were investigated using non-sterile and sterile white oak leaf (WOL) infusions and a bacterial culture composed of a mix of 14 species originally isolated from bamboo leaf infusion. In WOL infusion with active microbes, 92.4% of eggs hatched in 2-h at an average DO concentration of 2.4 ppm. A 24-h old bacterial culture with a DO concentration of 0.73 ppm also stimulated 95.2% of eggs hatch within 1-h. In contrast, only 4.0% of eggs hatched in sterile infusion, whose DO averaged 7.4 ppm. Effects of bacteria were uncoupled from DO by exposing eggs to bacterial cells suspended in NaCl solution. Over a 4-h exposure period, 93.8% of eggs hatched while DO concentration changed minimally from 7.62 to 7.50 ppm. Removal of bacteria by ultra-filtration and cell-free filtrate resulted in only 52.0% of eggs hatching after 4-h at an average DO concentration of 5.5 ppm.Conclusions/SignificanceCollectively, the results provide compelling evidence that bacteria or water-soluble compounds secreted by bacteria, not just low DO concentration, stimulate hatching of Ae. aegypti eggs. However, the specific cues involved remain to be identified. These research findings contribute new insight into an important aspect of the oviposition biology of Ae. aegypti, a virus vector of global importance, providing the basis for a new paradigm of environmental factors involved in egg hatching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Stimulate Hatching of Yellow Fever Mosquito Eggs

et al. 2011

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“…Delayed or erratic hatching has been noted in different subgenera of Aedes: in Stegomyia by Atkin & Bacot (1917) and many others, in Ochlerotatus by Marshall (1938) and others, in Aedimorphus by Gjullin, Yates & Stage (1939) and others, in Aedes and Finlaya by Gjullin, Hegarty & Bollen (1941)…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Inherited Basis of Variation in the Hatching-response of Aëdes Eggs (Diptera: Culicidae)

Gillett

1955

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Eggs of many species of Aedes do not necessarily hatch as soon as they become mature, even though conditions are known to be compatible with hatching. These eggs enter a state of diapause, the depth of which varies with the passage of time in any one egg and the manner of this variation with time itself varies from one egg to another (Gillett, 1955). It seems that, at least in Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus (Theo.) and in A. (S.) aegypti (L.), variation in the hatching-response is controlled by a property which is quantitatively variable, and is distributed unevenly, not only between batches of eggs laid by different females of the same species, but between the eggs laid by a single female and kept in a single container. Obvious sources of variation, other than genetic, occurring between females and between the eggs laid by a single female have been studied and can be excluded as contributing to variation in the hatchingresponse of the eggs (Gillett, op. cit.). It is the purpose of the present paper to describe an investigation into the possibility that this variation in the hatching-response is inherited.Terms, Materials and Methods.

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“…More recently Gjullin, Yates, and Stage (1939) founa that tap-water infusions of dry cottonwood leaves, willow leaves and grass gave consistently larger hatches of Aedes vexans and Aedes aldrichi eggs than either tap or river water alone. They concluded that the amino acids and proteins present in vegetation may "be the stimulants which cause the eggs to hatch when flooded in nature.…”

Section: Resume Of Pertinent Literature On Certain Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalogue of bacteria associated extracellularly with insects and ticks, by Edward A. Steinhaus...

Steinhaus¹

1942

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Streptococceae 136 Genus : Diplococcus 136 Genus : Streptococcus 158 58353 iii CATALOGUE OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED EXIRACELLULARLY WITH INSECTS AND TICKS Lygaeidae which, she says, undoubtedly carry "bacteria in their cecal appendages. She found the ceca to "be as well filled with "bacteria after the long period of winter rest as they were during the active summer season. Kuskop "believes the "bacteria play a symbiotic role in "being essential in the physiology of the insect's digestion. Fate of Bacteria During Metamorphos is. The fate of the "bacteria harbored "by the larva during the process of metamorphosis to the adult stage has not "been studied thoroughly. Such knowledge would "be particularly valuable from the standpoint of public health. For example, housefly larvae may "become a reservoir for "bacteria pathogenic to man. Should these "bacteria survive metamorphosis and "be disseminated "by the adult, the chances of spreading disease are great. Also, in deciding what is the normal flora of an adult insect, one would have to consider adventitious "bacteria that have "been acquired not only "by the imago itself, hut "by the larva as well. Bacot (1911) found that pupae and imagines of Musca domestica "bred from larvae infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa under conditions which excluded the chance of re-infection in the pupal or imaginal period, remained infected with the "bacterium. Other authorities, however, are agreed that such non-spore-forming organisms as Eberthella typhosa , Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella dysenteriae added to the food of fly larvae usually do not survive metamorphosis (Graham-Smith, 1913)-Later, Bacot (191*0 studied the "bacteria of the alimentary canal of the flea during its metamorphosis and found that the alimentary canal of the flea larva may "become "infected" with the following "bacteria if they are mixed with its food: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enteritidis , Staphylococcus aureus, and S. albus. These organisms may persist in the larval gut until the resting period of the larva in the cocoon, "but there appears to "be no satisfactory evidence that they can survive the pupal stage. '

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The Kentucky Academy of Science

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteria Stimulate Hatching of Yellow Fever Mosquito Eggs

Bacteria Stimulate Hatching of Yellow Fever Mosquito Eggs

The Inherited Basis of Variation in the Hatching-response of Aëdes Eggs (Diptera: Culicidae)

Catalogue of bacteria associated extracellularly with insects and ticks, by Edward A. Steinhaus...

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