Catalogue of bacteria associated extracellularly with insects and ticks, by Edward A. Steinhaus...

Abstract

Streptococceae 136 Genus : Diplococcus 136 Genus : Streptococcus 158 58353 iii CATALOGUE OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED EXIRACELLULARLY WITH INSECTS AND TICKS Lygaeidae which, she says, undoubtedly carry "bacteria in their cecal appendages. She found the ceca to "be as well filled with "bacteria after the long period of winter rest as they were during the active summer season. Kuskop "believes the "bacteria play a symbiotic role in "being essential in the physiology of the insect's digestion. Fate of Bacteria During Metamorphos is. The fate of the "bacteria harbored "by the larva during the process of metamorphosis to the adult stage has not "been studied thoroughly. Such knowledge would "be particularly valuable from the standpoint of public health. For example, housefly larvae may "become a reservoir for "bacteria pathogenic to man. Should these "bacteria survive metamorphosis and "be disseminated "by the adult, the chances of spreading disease are great. Also, in deciding what is the normal flora of an adult insect, one would have to consider adventitious "bacteria that have "been acquired not only "by the imago itself, hut "by the larva as well. Bacot (1911) found that pupae and imagines of Musca domestica "bred from larvae infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa under conditions which excluded the chance of re-infection in the pupal or imaginal period, remained infected with the "bacterium. Other authorities, however, are agreed that such non-spore-forming organisms as Eberthella typhosa , Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella dysenteriae added to the food of fly larvae usually do not survive metamorphosis (Graham-Smith, 1913)-Later, Bacot (191*0 studied the "bacteria of the alimentary canal of the flea during its metamorphosis and found that the alimentary canal of the flea larva may "become "infected" with the following "bacteria if they are mixed with its food: Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enteritidis , Staphylococcus aureus, and S. albus. These organisms may persist in the larval gut until the resting period of the larva in the cocoon, "but there appears to "be no satisfactory evidence that they can survive the pupal stage. '

The Morphology of Bacterium tularense

“…The number of insect and arthropod hosts and vectors is large. Steinhaus (1942) lists 52 insects and arthropods associated in some manner with this organism. Three ticks are good biologic hosts, transmitting the organism via their eggs, larvae, and numphs to adults of the next generation.…”

Host microflora relationship of vectors of canine heartworm disease / by Dale R. Hamilton.

“…One of the commonly held generalizations is that blood feeding arthropods have sterile intestines, or, if they become contaminated while feeding, they are able to rid themselves of bacteria (Steinhaus, 1942;Weyer, 1960 insects as grasshoppers which are sterile upon hatching, but soon acquire a bacterial flora which increases both in absolute numbers and in variety of species as the insect develops (Bucher, 1960).…”

A New Species of Torulae Occurring in and Transmitted by the American Cockroach Periplaneta Americana (Linn.)

“…Having exhausted all of the prospective sources of this contaminant through a thorough study of all materials utilized in the manufacture of the sirup used, in all the plants in which it was produced, the idea occurred to us that possibly this Tomla species was transmitted by some insect carrier. This was suggested by the very extensive work of Steinhaus (1941), whose study of the bacteria associated with many species of insects has given great emphasis to the source of this contamination. I n his classic contribution to this subject he showed that from the 30 species of insects studied he isolated 83 strains of bacteria.…”