The Karyotype of the Stable Fly,<i>Stomoxys Calcitrans</i>(L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Joslyn, D. J.; Seawright, J. A.; Willis, N. L.

doi:10.1080/00087114.1979.10796798

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…In addition, sequence analysis revealed an extra copy of the trnI gene, similar to a blow fly duplication, and partial sequences of the control region. Manual curation and analyses of the nuclear genome sequences allowed preliminary chromosome arm assignment and identification of repeat elements from the genome (see Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3 [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61];). A select set of protein coding genes (n = 1600) were manually annotated to identify genes associated with functional classes including immunity, host sensing, reproduction, feeding, and metabolic detoxification.…”

Section: Genome Assembly and Annotation Supported By Comparative And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

et al. 2021

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Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha.

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Section: Genome Assembly and Annotation Supported By Comparative And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

et al. 2021

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“…Stable fly and horn fly have derived karyotypes in which the ancestral X chromosome (Muller element F) and Y chromosome are not visible (Avancini and Weinzierl, 1994;Boyes et al, 1964;Joslyn et al, 1979;LaChance, 1964;Parise-Maltempi and Avancini, 2007). We show, based on elevated male heterozygosity, that the X and Y chromosomes of stable fly both contain elements D and F (Fig 2A-B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In addition to house fly, other Muscidae have derived karyotypes that were evidenced by cytological examination (Fig 1). For example, the heterochromatic element F is missing from the karyotypes of stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), horn fly (Haematobia irritans), and some other muscids (Avancini and Weinzierl, 1994;Boyes et al, 1964;Joslyn et al, 1979;LaChance, 1964;Parise-Maltempi and Avancini, 2007), possibly because it fused to another element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex chromosome evolution in muscid flies

Meisel

Olafson

Adhikari

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Sex chromosomes and sex determining genes can evolve fast, with the sex-linked chromosomes often differing between closely related species. A substantial body of population genetics theory has been developed and tested to explain the rapid evolution of sex chromosomes and sex determination. However, we do not know why the sex-linked chromosomes differ between some species pairs yet are relatively conserved in other taxa. Addressing this question will require comparing closely related taxa with conserved and divergent sex chromosomes and sex determination systems to identify biological features that could explain these rate differences. Cytological karyotypes suggest that muscid flies (e.g., house fly) and blow flies are such a taxonomic pair. The sex chromosomes appear to differ across muscid species, whereas they are highly conserved across blow flies. Despite the cytological evidence, we do not know the extent to which muscid sex chromosomes are independently derived along different evolutionary lineages.To address that question, we used genomic data to identify young sex chromosomes in two closely related muscid species, horn fly (Haematobia irritans) and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). We provide evidence that the nascent sex chromosomes of horn fly and stable fly were derived independently from each other and from the young sex chromosomes of the closely related house fly (Musca domestica). We present three different scenarios that could have given rise to the sex chromosomes of horn fly and stable fly, and we describe how the scenarios could be distinguished. Distinguishing between these scenarios in future work could help to identify features of muscid genomes that promote sex chromosome divergence.

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Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)—Biology, Management, and Research Needs

Rochon

Hogsette

Kaufman

et al. 2021

Journal of Integrated Pest Management

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Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) are global pests of livestock, companion animals, and humans. These flies inflict painful bites and cause significant economic losses to producers by reducing livestock production. In addition, they have been associated with the mechanical transmission of several pathogens causing disease in animals. Management of this species is difficult because: 1) their developmental habitats are often ephemeral accumulations of decomposing vegetation, 2) they can exploit cultural practices in many agricultural and urban environments, and 3) the adults are highly mobile. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is required to effectively manage stable flies, including integration of cultural, mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical control options. The challenges of stable flies in different animal commodities are discussed, and current and novel technologies for control are presented. Lastly, need for additional research to improve stable fly management methods are discussed.

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The Karyotype of the Stable Fly,Stomoxys Calcitrans(L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Sex chromosome evolution in muscid flies

Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)—Biology, Management, and Research Needs

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