Sex chromosome evolution in muscid flies

Meisel, Richard P.; Olafson, Pia U.; Adhikari, Kiran; Guerrero, Felix D.; Konganti, Kranti; Benoit, Joshua B.

doi:10.1101/655845

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Gene drivebased systems are attractive technologies, and availability of the genome enables identification of regulatory regions to develop such strains. Lastly, the recent analysis of sex chromosome evolution in stable flies and the recently sequenced horn fly underscores the unique opportunity that this genomic resource provides to enable future comparative genome analyses [49,277].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, sequence analysis revealed an extra copy of the trnI gene, similar to a blow fly duplication, and partial sequences of the control region. Manual curation and analyses of the nuclear genome sequences allowed preliminary chromosome arm assignment and identification of repeat elements from the genome (see Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3 [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61];). A select set of protein coding genes (n = 1600) were manually annotated to identify genes associated with functional classes including immunity, host sensing, reproduction, feeding, and metabolic detoxification.…”

Section: Genome Assembly and Annotation Supported By Comparative And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

et al. 2021

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Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genome Assembly and Annotation Supported By Comparative And mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

et al. 2021

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“…Alternatively, laboratory crosses between pairs of sister species can uncover the potential for sex ratio selection to act by uncoupling drivers and modifiers; however, such experiments are not feasible in many groups. Instead, experimental selection in species with polyfactorial sex determination, such as the housefly (Kozielska, Pen, Beukeboom, & Weissing, 2006;Meisel, Olafson, Guerrero, Konganti, & Benoit, 2019), have the greatest scope to quantify the role of sex ratio selection and meiotic drive in the evolution of sex determination.…”

Section: Selection On Sex Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover

et al. 2019

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Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex chromosomes is associated with female or male development. Although certain groups possess stable and conserved sex chromosomes, others exhibit rapid sex chromosome evolution, including transitions between male and female heterogamety, and turnover in the chromosome pair recruited to determine sex. These turnover events have important consequences for multiple facets of evolution, as sex chromosomes are predicted to play a central role in adaptation, sexual dimorphism, and speciation. However, our understanding of the processes driving the formation and turnover of sex chromosome systems is limited, in part because we lack a complete understanding of interspecific variation in the mechanisms by which sex is determined. New bioinformatic methods are making it possible to identify and characterize sex chromosomes in a diverse array of non‐model species, rapidly filling in the numerous gaps in our knowledge of sex chromosome systems across the tree of life. In turn, this growing data set is facilitating and fueling efforts to address many of the unanswered questions in sex chromosome evolution. Here, we synthesize the available bioinformatic approaches to produce a guide for characterizing sex chromosome system and identity simultaneously across clades of organisms. Furthermore, we survey our current understanding of the processes driving sex chromosome turnover, and highlight important avenues for future research.

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“…To exclude turnover events, evidence is needed that all the species share the same sex-determining gene, in the same genomic location. In fish taxa, small sex-determining regions are often found in different physical locations, or different chromosomes (e.g., Kamiya et al 2012;Myosho et al 2015;Ieda et al 2018), and in Diptera (Post 1985;Mahajan and Bachtrog 2017;Meisel et al 2020). Among flowering plants, it is currently unclear which species have old-established yet small sex-determining regions, and consequently it is not known how often small regions fail to evolve into large recombinationally suppressed regions.…”

Section: Age Estimates Using Phylogenetic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018), and in Diptera (Post 1985; Mahajan and Bachtrog 2017; Meisel et al. 2020). Among flowering plants, it is currently unclear which species have old‐established yet small sex‐determining regions, and consequently it is not known how often small regions fail to evolve into large recombinationally suppressed regions.…”

Section: The Ages Of Sex‐linked Regions Including Nonrecombining Regmentioning

confidence: 99%

When and how do sex‐linked regions become sex chromosomes?

Charlesworth

2021

Evolution

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The attention given to heteromorphism and genetic degeneration of "classical sex chromosomes" (Y chromosomes in XY systems, and the W in ZW systems that were studied first and are best described) has perhaps created the impression that the absence of recombination between sex chromosomes is inevitable. I here argue that continued recombination is often to be expected, that absence of recombination is surprising and demands further study, and that the involvement of selection in reduced recombination is not yet well understood. Despite a long history of investigations of sex chromosome pairs, there is a need for more quantitative approaches to studying sex-linked regions. I describe a scheme to help understand the relationships between different properties of sex-linked regions. Specifically, I focus on their sizes (differentiating between small regions and extensive fully sex-linked ones), the times when they evolved, and their differentiation, and review studies using DNA sequencing in nonmodel organisms that are providing information about the processes causing these properties.

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Sex chromosome evolution in muscid flies

Cited by 4 publications

References 97 publications

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

How to identify sex chromosomes and their turnover

When and how do sex‐linked regions become sex chromosomes?

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