The Karolinska <scp>KI</scp>/K <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 immune atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes

The Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Immune Atlas project was conceptualized in March 2020 as a part of the academic research response to the developing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. The aim was to rapidly provide a curated dataset covering the acute immune response towards SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in humans, as it occurred during the first wave. The Immune Atlas was built as an open resource for broad research and educational purposes. It contains a presentation of the response evoked by different immune and inflammatory cells in defined naïve patient‐groups as they presented with moderate and severe COVID‐19 disease. The present Resource Article describes how the Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Immune Atlas allows scientists, students, and other interested parties to freely explore the nature of the immune response towards human SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in an online setting.

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The Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 immune atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes

Ljunggren

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Cornillet

et al. 2022

Scand J Immunol

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Targeted plasma proteomics reveals signatures discriminating COVID-19 from sepsis with pneumonia

et al. 2023

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Background COVID-19 remains a major public health challenge, requiring the development of tools to improve diagnosis and inform therapeutic decisions. As dysregulated inflammation and coagulation responses have been implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis, we studied their plasma proteome profiles to delineate similarities from specific features. Methods We measured 276 plasma proteins involved in Inflammation, organ damage, immune response and coagulation in healthy controls, COVID-19 patients during acute and convalescence phase, and sepsis patients; the latter included (i) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Influenza, (ii) bacterial CAP, (iii) non-pneumonia sepsis, and (iv) septic shock patients. Results We identified a core response to infection consisting of 42 proteins altered in both COVID-19 and sepsis, although higher levels of cytokine storm-associated proteins were evident in sepsis. Furthermore, microbiologic etiology and clinical endotypes were linked to unique signatures. Finally, through machine learning, we identified biomarkers, such as TRIM21, PTN and CASP8, that accurately differentiated COVID-19 from CAP-sepsis with higher accuracy than standard clinical markers. Conclusions This study extends the understanding of host responses underlying sepsis and COVID-19, indicating varying disease mechanisms with unique signatures. These diagnostic and severity signatures are candidates for the development of personalized management of COVID-19 and sepsis.

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Coordinated Loss and Acquisition of NK Cell Surface Markers Accompanied by Generalized Cytokine Dysregulation in COVID-19

Ustiuzhanina

Vavilova

Boyko

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is accompanied by a dysregulated immune response. In particular, NK cells, involved in the antiviral response, are affected by the infection. This study aimed to investigate circulating NK cells with a focus on their activation, depletion, changes in the surface expression of key receptors, and functional activity during COVID-19, among intensive care unit (ICU) patients, moderately ill patients, and convalescents (CCP). Our data confirmed that NK cell activation in patients with COVID-19 is accompanied by changes in circulating cytokines. The progression of COVID-19 was associated with a coordinated decrease in the proportion of NKG2D+ and CD16+ NK cells, and an increase in PD-1, which indicated their exhaustion. A higher content of NKG2D+ NK cells distinguished surviving patients from non-survivors in the ICU group. NK cell exhaustion in ICU patients was additionally confirmed by a strong negative correlation of PD-1 and natural cytotoxicity levels. In moderately ill patients and convalescents, correlations were found between the levels of CD57, NKG2C, and NKp30, which may indicate the formation of adaptive NK cells. A reduced NKp30 level was observed in patients with a lethal outcome. Altogether, the phenotypic changes in circulating NK cells of COVID-19 patients suggest that the intense activation of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, most likely induced by cytokines, is accompanied by NK cell exhaustion, the extent of which may be critical for the disease outcome.

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The Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 immune atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 immune atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes

The Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 immune atlas: An open resource for immunological research and educational purposes

Targeted plasma proteomics reveals signatures discriminating COVID-19 from sepsis with pneumonia

Coordinated Loss and Acquisition of NK Cell Surface Markers Accompanied by Generalized Cytokine Dysregulation in COVID-19

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