The Karachi intracranial stenosis study (KISS) Protocol: An urban multicenter case-control investigation reporting the clinical, radiologic and biochemical associations of intracranial stenosis in Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Intracranial stenosis is the most common cause of stroke among Asians. It has a poor prognosis with a high rate of recurrence. No effective medical or surgical treatment modality has been developed for the treatment of stroke due to intracranial stenosis. We aim to identify risk factors and biomarkers for intracranial stenosis and to develop techniques such as use of transcranial doppler to help diagnose intracranial stenosis in a cost-effective manner.

Association of Plasma Levels of Nitric Oxide Oxidative Metabolites with Acute Stroke in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Low-Middle Income Country

“…Moreover, plasma NOx levels may be affected by age, gender, and dietary intake. A study done in Japan showed age-based variability in plasma NOx among healthy adults with increased NOx levels as the patient age from 20-60 years [15]. The values also showed variability with diet, as mentioned above, with a range of (43 versus 92 μ M) measured at fasting and after 150 grams of celery intake, respectively, reported in the same study [18].…”

“…This is contrary to the results published by Serrano Ponz et al that showed decrease concentrations in acute stroke patients [17]. Genetic makeup of population plays a role in plasma NOx production rate in the inflammatory pathway and accounts for different plasma NOx values among different population subsets [15]. Moreover, plasma NOx levels may be affected by age, gender, and dietary intake.…”

“…(b) Sudden onset of neurological deficit consistent with the World Health Organization criteria for stroke [15]…”

Population Attributable Risks of Stroke from Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease (ICAD) in South Asian Pakistanis

“…PARs were calculated using 314 cases with ICAD and 331 controls from a hospital-based age, gender, matched case-control study (1).…”

“…We report the population attributable risks (PARs) of ICAD strokes in Pakistani South Asians. PARs were calculated using 314 cases with ICAD and 331 controls from a hospital-based age, gender, matched case-control study (1).…”