Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

2014

DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.04.003

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Frequency and Determinants of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stroke in Urban Pakistan

Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

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Parameter Publications Correlation1

Type Of Stroke Etiology and Interaction With Risk Factors1

Socioeconomic Status Social Isolation and Social Defeat Stress: Consequences For Stroke1

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Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition to positive control of risk factors, data shows that reducing chronic stress can effectively decrease stroke incidence. 96,97 For example, regular health examinations and stress prevention information are necessary for miners, long-term care workers and other individuals who experience chronic stress, 97,98 even though the concept of chronic stress is rarely applied in clinical work and daily life. 99…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis

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et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.

“…In addition to positive control of risk factors, data shows that reducing chronic stress can effectively decrease stroke incidence. 96,97 For example, regular health examinations and stress prevention information are necessary for miners, long-term care workers and other individuals who experience chronic stress, 97,98 even though the concept of chronic stress is rarely applied in clinical work and daily life. 99…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis

¹

,

²

,

³

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.

“…The factors that were independently associated with ICAD stroke in this case control study were hypertension [odds ratio (OR): 3·33; confidence interval (CI): 2·31–4·78], Diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 2·29; CI: 1·56–3·35), unemployment (OR: 2·15; CI: 1·21–3·83), low income (OR: 1·59; CI: 1·01–2·51), and chronic stress (OR: 3·67; CI: 2·13–6·34) (2). The PARs for the development of ICAD stroke were as follows: history of hypertension 48·7%, unemployment 23·8%, history of diabetes10·7%, family history of stroke 10·7%, income 10·5%, and moderate to severe chronic stress 3·1%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Population Attributable Risks of Stroke from Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease (ICAD) in South Asian Pakistanis

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et al. 2013

International Journal of Stroke

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“…Etiology and risk factors [45,80,82,98,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117] FHS was consistently associated with small vessel disease [80,82,[104][105][106][107][108] and large vessel disease [80,98,[105][106][107][108], but not with cardioembolic etiology [45,116,117].…”

Section: Parameter Publications Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regards to stroke etiology, authors consistently reported an association of FHS with small vessel disease [80,82,[104][105][106][107][108], subclinical lacunes [109,110], intracranial artery stenosis [111][112][113][114][115] and large vessel disease [80,98,[105][106][107][108], but not with cardioembolic stroke [45,116,117]. One paper found that FHS was related to lacunar stroke in older subjects and cryptogenic etiology in the younger [118].…”

Section: Type Of Stroke Etiology and Interaction With Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family history of stroke – a useful clue for the primary care physician and stroke neurologist: a narrative review

Sarzyńska‐Długosz²

2023

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Purpose:The heritability of ischemic stroke is a complex mechanism, involving the contribution of genetic traits and environmental factors, which is why in everyday practice clinicians often rely on the broad term "family history of stroke", defined as the case of any first-degree relative who has had a stroke. The aim of this review is to update the available data regarding family history of stroke in primary and secondary stroke prevention by searching the electronic Scopus database for the phrase TITLE-ABS-KEY ("family history" AND "stroke"). Views: A total of 140 articles met the pre-specified criteria and were included in the review. The prevalence of family history of stroke ranged from 37% in stroke-free individuals to 52% in patients with ischemic stroke. In primary prevention, family history of stroke was associated with increased risk of stroke, transient ischemic attack, stroke risk factors and stroke-like symptoms. In patients with ischemic stroke, it was more often associated with small-and large-vessel disease, though not with a cardioembolic etiology. Family history of stroke did not influence long-term functional outcomes after rehabilitation. In young stroke victims, it was related to symptom severity and the risk of a second stroke. Conclusions: Consideration of family history of stroke in everyday practice may carry useful information both for primary care physicians and stroke neurologists.

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