The JWST Early Release Observations

Pontoppidan, K. M.; Barrientes, Jaclyn; Blome, Claire; Braun, Hannah; Brown, Matthew; Carruthers, Margaret; Coe, Dan; DePasquale, Joseph; Espinoza, N.; Marín, Macarena García; Gordon, K. D.; Henry, Alaina; Hustak, Leah; James, Andi; Jenkins, Ann; Koekemoer, Anton M.; LaMassa, Stephanie; Law, David R.; Lockwood, Alexandra; Moro‐Martín, Amaya; Mullally, Fergal; Pagan, Alyssa; Player, Dani; Proffitt, Charles; Pulliam, Christine; Ramsay, Leah; Ravindranath, Swara; Reid, I. Neill; Robberto, M.; Sabbi, E.; Úbeda, Leonardo; Balogh, Michael L.; Flanagan, Kathryn A.; Gardner, Jonathan P.; Hasan, H.; Meinke, B. K.; Nota, A.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac8a4e

Cited by 159 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The astronomical community is now ready to observe the atmospheres of a diverse range of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in unprecedented detail with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST; Gardner et al 2006;Pontoppidan et al 2022). These atmospheres are complex systems with a range of physical processes like radiative/convective energy transport, chemical reaction networks, clouds/haze formation, and dynamical processes like vertical mixing.…”

Section: Molecular Abundances and Nonequilibrium Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry

Mukherjee

Fortney

Batalha

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Evidence of disequilibrium chemistry due to vertical mixing in the atmospheres of many T- and Y-dwarfs has been inferred due to enhanced mixing ratios of CO and reduced NH3. Atmospheric models of planets and brown dwarfs typically parameterize this vertical mixing phenomenon with the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient, K zz . While K zz can perhaps be approximated in the convective regions in the atmosphere with mixing length theory, in radiative regions, the strength of vertical mixing is uncertain by many orders of magnitude. With a new grid of self-consistent 1D model atmospheres from T eff of 400–1000 K, computed with a new radiative-convective equilibrium python code PICASO 3.0, we aim to assess how molecular abundances and corresponding spectra can be used as a probe of depth-dependent K zz . At a given surface gravity, we find nonmonotonic behavior in the CO abundance as a function of T eff, as chemical abundances are sometimes quenched in either of two potential atmospheric convective zones, or quenched in either of two possible radiative zones. The temperature structure and chemical quenching behavior also change with gravity. We compare our models with available near-infrared and M-band spectroscopy of several T- and Y-dwarfs and assess their atmospheric vertical mixing profiles. We also compare to color–magnitude diagrams and make predictions for James Webb Space Telescope spectra. This work yields new constraints, and points the way to significant future gains, in determining K zz , a fundamental atmospheric parameter in substellar atmospheres, with significant implications for chemistry and cloud modeling.

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Section: Molecular Abundances and Nonequilibrium Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry

Mukherjee

Fortney

Batalha

et al. 2022

ApJ

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“…After much anticipation, the first images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are expected-at the time of writing 1 -to be released to the public starting 2022 July 12. According to the media, these Early Release Observations (ERO; Pontoppidan et al 2022) will include five targets whose names were published last week by NASA and will be followed by the release of the Director's Discretionary Early Release Science (ERS) programs, e.g., GLASS-JWST (Treu et al 2022) and CEERS (PI: S. Finkelstein). One of the five ERO targets is SMACS J0723.3−732 (SMACS0723 hereafter), a massive strong-lensing (SL) galaxy cluster that exhibits several gravitationally lensed arcs, as can be seen in recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging taken in the framework of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS; Coe et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HST Strong-lensing Model for the First JWST Galaxy Cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327

Golubchik

Furtak

Meena

et al. 2022

ApJ

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On 2022 July 8, NASA shared (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-shares-list-of-cosmic-targets-for-webb-telescope-s-first-images) the list of five public showcase targets that have been observed with the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and whose data—at the time of writing—are expected to be released to the public around Tuesday, July 12. One of these targets is the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327 (z = 0.39), which acts as a gravitational lens and was recently imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the framework of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). To facilitate studies by the community with the upcoming JWST data, we publish here a strong-lensing model for SMACS J0723.3−7327—including mass density and magnification maps. We identify five multiple-image families in the HST imaging. For three of them, system membership and redshift are secured by public spectroscopic data. For the remaining two systems, we rely on robust photometric redshift estimates. We use the Light-Traces-Mass lens modeling method, which complements the parametric models already available in the RELICS repository and elsewhere and thus helps span a representative range of solutions. The new model published here can be accessed on the RELICS website at MAST. It will be interesting to examine which properties of the mass models change and improve, and by how much, when the JWST data are incorporated.

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“…It was, for the first look, surprising to find many apparently red spiral galaxies in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) image of the galaxy cluster, SMACS J0723.3-7327, which was released on 2022 July 11 as part of the early release observations (EROs; Pontoppidan et al 2022). Their redness could indicate several important properties of these spiral galaxies: their dominant stellar ages, dust reddenings, or a combination of these features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Spiral Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Unveiled in the First JWST Image

Fudamoto

Inoue

Sugahara

2022

ApJL

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In the first image of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of SMACS J0723.3-7327, one of the most outstanding features is the emergence of a large number of red spiral galaxies, because such red spiral galaxies are only a few percent in the number fraction among nearby spiral galaxies. While these apparently red galaxies were already detected with the Spitzer Space Telescope at ∼3–4 μm, the revolutionized view from the JWST’s unprecedented spatial resolution has unveiled their hidden spiral morphology for the first time. Within the red spiral galaxies, we focus on the two reddest galaxies that are very faint in the <0.9 μ m bands and show red colors in the 2–4 μm bands. Our study finds that the two extremely red spiral galaxies are likely to be in the cosmic noon (1 < z < 3). One of the extremely red spiral galaxies is more likely to be a passive galaxy having moderate dust reddening (i.e., ∼zero star formation rate with AV ~ 1 mag). The other is consistent with both passive and dusty starburst solutions (i.e., star formation rate > 100 M⊙ yr−1 with AV ∼ 3 mag). These “red spiral” galaxies would be an interesting, potentially new population of galaxies, as we start to see their detailed morphology using the JWST, for the first time.

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The JWST Early Release Observations

Cited by 159 publications

References 36 publications

Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry

Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry

HST Strong-lensing Model for the First JWST Galaxy Cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327

Red Spiral Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Unveiled in the First JWST Image

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