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Annotation. The quality indicators of potato tubers (dry matter content, starch, nitrates and heavy metals) are greatly influenced by varietal characteristics, agricultural practices, soil and climatic conditions and many other factors, among which the level of mineral nutrition is of great importance. The article presents experimental data on the study of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on potatoes in the conditions of the foothill zone of North Ossetia. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the agroecological conditions of North Ossetia on the soils of leached chernozem, the influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity and quality of potatoes was studied. The objectives of the study included studying the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the height and number of potato stalks per bush, starch content, dry matter, and potato yield. Research methods. Records and observations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and Methodological Guide for Conducting Research in Agronomy”. The experience was laid in threefold sequence. Determination of the quantitative content of vitamin C in potato tubers was carried out by the Tillmans method. According to the results of experimental data, the use of mineral fertilizers made it possible to obtain a high yield of potatoes, so the yield on the Sadon variety was 27.9, 28.2, 30.3 t/ha, and in the control variant – 27.7 t/ha. It has been established that mineral fertilizers under the same soil and weather conditions contributed to the different development of plants, so the height of the stems of potato plants of the Farn variety is by – 2.2, 11.5, 9.4 cm higher than in the control variant. The nutritional backgrounds of the zone did not have a significant effect on the number of years of stems, pieces, but contribute to the accumulation of starch. Mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the content of vitamin C in potato tubers from 11.2–12.5 mg/100 g. The highest accumulation of dry matter was noted in the Background 3 (N120P120K120) variant – 18.3 and 18.8 %.
Annotation. The quality indicators of potato tubers (dry matter content, starch, nitrates and heavy metals) are greatly influenced by varietal characteristics, agricultural practices, soil and climatic conditions and many other factors, among which the level of mineral nutrition is of great importance. The article presents experimental data on the study of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on potatoes in the conditions of the foothill zone of North Ossetia. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the agroecological conditions of North Ossetia on the soils of leached chernozem, the influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity and quality of potatoes was studied. The objectives of the study included studying the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the height and number of potato stalks per bush, starch content, dry matter, and potato yield. Research methods. Records and observations were carried out according to the generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and Methodological Guide for Conducting Research in Agronomy”. The experience was laid in threefold sequence. Determination of the quantitative content of vitamin C in potato tubers was carried out by the Tillmans method. According to the results of experimental data, the use of mineral fertilizers made it possible to obtain a high yield of potatoes, so the yield on the Sadon variety was 27.9, 28.2, 30.3 t/ha, and in the control variant – 27.7 t/ha. It has been established that mineral fertilizers under the same soil and weather conditions contributed to the different development of plants, so the height of the stems of potato plants of the Farn variety is by – 2.2, 11.5, 9.4 cm higher than in the control variant. The nutritional backgrounds of the zone did not have a significant effect on the number of years of stems, pieces, but contribute to the accumulation of starch. Mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the content of vitamin C in potato tubers from 11.2–12.5 mg/100 g. The highest accumulation of dry matter was noted in the Background 3 (N120P120K120) variant – 18.3 and 18.8 %.
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to present the results of studies obtained in the long-term stationary experience of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers of the Russian Federation on the effect of various methods of straw, crop residues and nitrogen fertilizers utilization on the humus state of leached black soil. Establish the effect of the systematic introduction of straw and crop residues on the content of total and labile humus in leached black soil, provide data on the fractional composition of humus. Methods. There were used conventional methods: total nitrogen by the method of indophenol greens, humus according to Tyurin in Simakov’s modification; fractional group composition according to Ponomareva and Plotnikova; labile carbon – by the release of humic substances during treatment with 0.1n NaOH, soil treatment with sodium pyrophosphate 0.1m Na4P2O7 (Dyakonova’s method) and hot water (Schulz’s method). Results. The results of studies obtained in a long-term stationary experiment on the study of the effect of straw and crop residues on the humus state of the soil are presented. It has been established that the annual introduction of straw and crop residues into the soil makes it possible to maintain the humus state of the leached black soil at the level of the initial content. Significant differences in the humus reserves in the arable soil layer according to the methods of utilization of organic residues were not revealed, they were assessed as very high. On a long fallow, humus reserves were high, on virgin lands they were ultra-high. The results of the studies showed that the fractional composition of fulvic acids depended on the method of using straw and stubble residues; the fractional composition of humic acids did not differ from the method of utilizing straw and stubble residues. A decrease in the content of total humus was revealed against the background of burning and removing straw and stubble, while an increase in its content was noted during the systematic plowing of post-harvest residues. Scientific novelty consists in changing the fractional-group composition of humus when using organic residues (straw, stubble) for the reproduction of soil organic matter.
One of the strategic areas for the development of modern agriculture is the use of ecologised fertiliser systems composed based on the straw of agricultural crops with the addition of microbiological, humus or chelated fertilisers. This will allow restoring natural resources and getting environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of ecologised fertiliser systems on the physical and chemical processes and nitrogen regime of grey forest soil, the development of bio-productivity of winter wheat, and the content of basic microelements in grain. The following methods were used in the research: field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Application of N30P45K45 against the background of pea straw with the addition of a biostimulator and humus fertiliser mostly demonstrated modern approaches to technologies for managing the fertility of grey forest soils based on the principles of environmental safety and resource conservation. Such a fertiliser system provided alkalinisation of the soil solution, optimisation of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, improvement of the soil nitrogen regime. Under such conditions, optimal parameters of the production process elements (the number and mass of grains in the head) were formed. The most effective in the processes of accumulation of microelements was the organo-mineral system of the following composition: pea straw + N30R45K45 + chelated fertiliser. No excess of the maximum permissible concentration for Cu, Zn, Mn, or Fe was detected. Thus, to harmonise the ecological and productive functions of grey forest soil in the winter wheat cultivation system, a combination of alternative agriculture, which consists in reducing the use of mineral fertilisers, and partial biologisation, is considered promising. This is a way to optimise soil fertility and bio-productivity
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