The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence: Kinematics of Slip and Stressing in Cross‐Fault Ruptures

Barnhart, William D.; Hayes, Gavin P.; Gold, Ryan D.

doi:10.1029/2019gl084741

Cited by 129 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The kinematic slip inversion we present resolves two primary slip patches (i.e., Fig. 1), which have similar amplitudes (4.7 and 2.5 m) and locations (northwest and southeast of hypocenter) to the Barnhart et al (2019), Liu et al (2019), and Zhang et al…”

Section: Kinematic Slip Inversionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Stress Changes on the Garlock fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Ramos¹,

Neo²,

Thakur³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The recent 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in Southern California jostled the seismological community by revealing a complex and cascading foreshock series that culminated in a M7.1 mainshock. But the central Garlock fault, despite being located immediately south of this sequence, did not coseismically fail. Instead, the Garlock fault underwent post-seismic creep and exhibited a sizeable earthquake swarm. The dynamic details of the rupture process during the mainshock are largely unknown, as is the amount of stress needed to bring the Garlock fault to failure. We present an integrated view of how stresses changed on the Garlock fault during and after the mainshock using a combination of tools including kinematic slip inversion, Coulomb stress change, and dynamic rupture modeling. We show that positive Coulomb stress changes cannot easily explain observed aftershock patterns on the Garlock fault, but are consistent with where creep was documented on the central Garlock fault section. Our dynamic model is able to reproduce the main slip asperities and kinematically estimated rupture speeds (≤ 2 km/s) during the mainshock, and suggests the temporal changes in normal and shear stress on the Garlock fault were greatest near the end of rupture. The largest static and dynamic stress changes on the Garlock fault we observe from our models coincide with the creeping region, suggesting that positive stress perturbations could have caused this during or after the mainshock rupture. This analysis of near-field stress change evolution gives insight into how the Ridgecrest sequence influenced the local stress field of the northernmost Eastern California Shear Zone.

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Section: Kinematic Slip Inversionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Stress Changes on the Garlock fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Ramos¹,

Neo²,

Thakur³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Knowledge about forthcoming earthquakes can improve preparedness if any signs pointing to the occurrence of a second event were captured immediately after the first one. In the studied earthquake sequence, there was a strong correlation between aftershocks following the Mw6.4 earthquake and the later Mw7.1 mainshock in space and time, a fact that has been noted in several studies (Barnhart et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Melgar et al, 2019;Ross et al, 2019). However, to fully reveal the connection between the foreshocks and Mw7.1 mainshock, a detailed fault slip model is required, which is addressed in this study.…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Orthogonal Fault Rupture and Rapid Postseismic Deformation Following 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence Revealed From Geodetic Observations

Feng

Samsonov

Qiu

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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We studied the 2019 Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, using Sentinel‐1 and ALOS‐2 coseismic interferograms and subpixel offsets to retrieve the three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface displacements. By inverting the 3‐D displacements, optimal dip angles of the earthquake faults and the slip model were obtained. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar‐based slip model supplemented with the analysis of GPS data shows that the Mw6.4 event ruptured two orthogonal faults and its major geodetic moment was released by sinistral motion on a NE‐SW trending fault that dips 78° NW. Right‐lateral slip on NW‐SE trending subvertical faults was responsible for the Mw7.1 earthquake. Postseismic analysis with U.S. Geological Survey earthquake catalog and GPS time series at site P595 shows that the postseismic surface deformation following the Mw7.1 event has similar temporal patterns with the postseismic moment release, but requires more energy. This implies that the early aftershocks were likely controlled by rapid afterslip following the mainshock.

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“…Coseismic rupture of these faults continues to produce aftershocks, but it did not influence the adjacent left-lateral Garlock fault to fail. Instead, this sequence caused as much as three centimeters of surface creep on the Garlock fault that has been detected geodetically (Barnhart et al, 2019;Ross et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several kinematic slip models have been developed to estimate the evolution of slip and rupture propagation during this highly complex sequence (Barnhart et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ross et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Goldberg et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). These models are consistent in the respect that a majority of foreshock and mainshock slip is limited to the upper 10 km depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Changes on the Garlock Fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Ramos

Neo

Thakur

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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ABSTRACT The recent 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in southern California jostled the seismological community by revealing a complex and cascading foreshock series that culminated in a Mw 7.1 mainshock. But the central Garlock fault, despite being located immediately south of this sequence, did not coseismically fail. Instead, the Garlock fault underwent postseismic creep and exhibited a sizeable earthquake swarm. The dynamic details of the rupture process during the mainshock are largely unknown, as is the amount of stress needed to bring the Garlock fault to failure. We present an integrated view of how stresses changed on the Garlock fault during and after the mainshock using a combination of tools including kinematic slip inversion, Coulomb stress change (ΔCFS), and dynamic rupture modeling. We show that positive ΔCFSs cannot easily explain observed aftershock patterns on the Garlock fault but are consistent with where creep was documented on the central Garlock fault section. Our dynamic model is able to reproduce the main slip asperities and kinematically estimated rupture speeds (≤2 km/s) during the mainshock, and suggests the temporal changes in normal and shear stress on the Garlock fault were the greatest near the end of rupture. The largest static and dynamic stress changes on the Garlock fault we observe from our models coincide with the creeping region, suggesting that positive stress perturbations could have caused this during or after the mainshock rupture. This analysis of near-field stress-change evolution gives insight into how the Ridgecrest sequence influenced the local stress field of the northernmost eastern California shear zone.

show abstract

The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence: Kinematics of Slip and Stressing in Cross‐Fault Ruptures

Cited by 129 publications

References 28 publications

Stress Changes on the Garlock fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Stress Changes on the Garlock fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Orthogonal Fault Rupture and Rapid Postseismic Deformation Following 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence Revealed From Geodetic Observations

Stress Changes on the Garlock Fault during and after the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

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