The Journey of Women in Urology: The Perspective of a Female Urology Resident

Grimsby, Gwen M.; Wolter, Christopher E.

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.050

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most recent cohort for applicants to urology (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) indicates that nearly one quarter of PGY-1 Urology residents in Canada are female. This is comparable to recent data from the USA where 23% of urology residents in 2011 were female 14 . A survey of medical students applying to urology commonly cited that the mix of medicine and surgery, the diversity of procedures, and clinical exposure to the field as main reasons why they were interested in pursuing a career in urology.…”

Section: Cuaj -Original Research Anderson Et Al Training Female Urolosupporting

confidence: 87%

Trends in the training of female urology residents in Canada

Anderson

Tennankore

Cox

2017

CUAJ

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Introduction: There is limited research on why females do or do not choose a career in urology. Considering the increasing proportion of female medical students, we assessed for trends in female applicants to urology programs in Canada and their post-residency career choices. Methods: Data from the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) was used (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). Trends in the proportions of females applying and matching to surgical subspecialties, and applying and matching to urology were computed. Surveys were sent to urology program directors to assess female residents' chosen career paths over the last decade. Results: A significant increasing trend in the proportion of females applying to urology as their first choice program was found (0.19 in 1998-99 to 0.27 in 2012-15; p=0.04). An increasing trend in the proportion of females successfully matching to urology was found, although it was not statistically significant (0.13 in 1998-99 to 0.24 in 2012-15; p=0.07). This was in keeping with the trends found for surgical programs overall. Female graduates choose a variety of career paths with urogynecology being the most common fellowship (26%). Conclusions: The last two decades has seen an increase in the proportion of female students applying to urology in Canada. Female urology graduates pursue a variety of career paths. It remains imperative that both female and male medical students have early exposure and education about our subspecialty to ensure we continue to recruit the most talented candidates.

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Section: Cuaj -Original Research Anderson Et Al Training Female Urolosupporting

confidence: 87%

Trends in the training of female urology residents in Canada

Anderson

Tennankore

Cox

2017

CUAJ

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“…2 Despite an increase in the number of female urologic residents, female urologists still comprise <10% of the urology workforce. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Other Practice Patterns in Urology

Spencer

Deal²,

Pruthi

et al. 2016

Journal of Urology

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Purpose The proportion of women in urology has increased from <0.5% in 1981 to 10% today. Furthermore, 33% of students matching in urology are now female. This analysis sought to characterize the female workforce in urology in comparison to men with regard to income, workload, and job satisfaction. Materials and Methods We collaborated with the American Urologic Association to survey its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, workforce, and quality of life issues. 6,511 survey invitations were sent via e-mail. The survey consisted of 26 questions and took approximately 13 minutes to complete. Linear regression models were used to evaluate bivariable and multivariable associations with job satisfaction and compensation. Results A total of 848 responses (n=660 (90%) male, n=73 (10%) female) were collected for a total response rate of 13%. On bivariable analysis, female urologists were younger (p<0.0001), more likely to be fellowship trained (p=0.002), worked in academics (p=0.008), were less likely to be self-employed, and worked fewer hours (p=0.03) compared to males. On multivariable analysis, female gender was a significant predictor of lower compensation (p = 0.001) when controlling for work hours, call frequency, age, practice setting and type, fellowship training, and Advance Practice Provider employment. Adjusted salaries among female urologists were $76,321 less than men. Gender was not a predictor for job satisfaction. Conclusions Female urologists are significantly less compensated compared to males, after adjusting for several factors likely contributing to compensation. There is no difference in job satisfaction between male and female urologists.

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“…Some of the greatest changes in gender distribution in urology can be seen in residency training programs. Between 1997 and 2011, women residents increased from 10% to 23% of matching residents, peaking at 25.8% in 2015 . These trends in urology training are also reflected in an increase in percentage of women board‐certified urologists, rising from 97 urologists, or 1.2% in 1995 to 536 urologists, or 8% in 2012 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1997 and 2011, women residents increased from 10% to 23% of matching residents, peaking at 25.8% in 2015. 15 These trends in urology training are also reflected in an increase in percentage of women board-certified urologists, rising from 97 urologists, or 1.2% in 1995 to 536 urologists, or 8% in 2012. 15 While the field of urology is a changing landscape for women, significant challenges still remain with studies suggesting gender discrimination by male colleagues and patients, income disparity, and lack of mentorship may be obstacles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, one of the most significant changes in the field has been in the increase in women urologists, increasing 1000% from 1981 to 2009 from 34 to 512 practicing women urologists . In addition, the training atmosphere in urology is evolving as well, with the percentage of women residents increasing from 5% in 1989 to 23% in 2011 . While men still make up 92% of the urology workforce as of 2012, this change in the architecture of clinicians may alter the case load of individual clinicians, as there is a perception that women urologists more often take care of female urologic issues due to patient preferences, referral patterns, and subspecialty training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in female urologic case distribution with new subspecialty certification and surgeon gender

Liu

Dickmeyer

Nettey

et al. 2015

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims To examine surgical case volume characteristics in certifying urologists associated with common female urologic procedures to evaluate the practice patterns, given the recent establishment of subspecialty certification in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) and changes in urologist gender composition. Methods Six‐month case log data of certifying urologists (2003–2013) was obtained from the American Board of Urology (ABU). We examined case logs for 26 CPT codes for common female urologic procedures focused on four procedure groups: incontinence, prolapse, vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), and revision/removal of vaginal mesh/graft. Results Among 4802 urologists logging at least one female urology case, 43,949 (55.6% of all cases) incontinence, 30,983 (39.2%) prolapse, 451 (0.6%) VVF, and 3643 (4.6%) revision of mesh/graft surgeries were identified. While 90.8% logging at least one female CPT code were men, women surgeons (9.2%) accounted for a disproportionate volume (22.6%) of cases. With initiation of the FPMRS subspecialty certification in 2011, 225 FPMRS candidates (out of 1716 certifying urologists) were identified, compared to 367 (out of 3828 certifying urologists) female subspecialists prior to 2011. FPMRS accounted for 56.7% of prolapse, 62.9% VVF, 59.0% mesh/graft revisions, and 41.9% of incontinence surgeries, compared to female specialists before 2011 (39.1%, 42.4%, 41.5%, and 21.6% respectively (all P < 0.001)). Conclusions A growing proportion of female urologic cases are performed by female subspecialists, with a significant increase since initiation of FPMRS subspecialty certification. Women surgeons account for a disproportionate volume of these cases despite remaining a minority of certifying urologists and female subspecialists. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:399–403, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The Journey of Women in Urology: The Perspective of a Female Urology Resident

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Trends in the training of female urology residents in Canada

Trends in the training of female urology residents in Canada

Gender Differences in Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Other Practice Patterns in Urology

Disparities in female urologic case distribution with new subspecialty certification and surgeon gender

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