Purpose The proportion of women in urology has increased from <0.5% in 1981 to 10% today. Furthermore, 33% of students matching in urology are now female. This analysis sought to characterize the female workforce in urology in comparison to men with regard to income, workload, and job satisfaction. Materials and Methods We collaborated with the American Urologic Association to survey its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, workforce, and quality of life issues. 6,511 survey invitations were sent via e-mail. The survey consisted of 26 questions and took approximately 13 minutes to complete. Linear regression models were used to evaluate bivariable and multivariable associations with job satisfaction and compensation. Results A total of 848 responses (n=660 (90%) male, n=73 (10%) female) were collected for a total response rate of 13%. On bivariable analysis, female urologists were younger (p<0.0001), more likely to be fellowship trained (p=0.002), worked in academics (p=0.008), were less likely to be self-employed, and worked fewer hours (p=0.03) compared to males. On multivariable analysis, female gender was a significant predictor of lower compensation (p = 0.001) when controlling for work hours, call frequency, age, practice setting and type, fellowship training, and Advance Practice Provider employment. Adjusted salaries among female urologists were $76,321 less than men. Gender was not a predictor for job satisfaction. Conclusions Female urologists are significantly less compensated compared to males, after adjusting for several factors likely contributing to compensation. There is no difference in job satisfaction between male and female urologists.

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72 Background: In recent years, the proportion of women in urology has been increasing, from <0.5% in 1981 to approximately 10% today. Nearly 25% of students matching in urology are now female. Our objective was to characterize the female workforce in urologic oncology and compare income, workload, and job satisfaction to the male counterpart and a non-oncology career. Methods: We queried the American Urological Association (AUA) domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, workforce, and quality of life issues. A total of 6,511 valid survey invitations were sent via e-mail, and 848 responses were collected for a total response rate of 13%. Results: The percentage of females in the urology workforce is 11%, and only 4% of urologists with an oncology focus are female. Of those with a primary focus that is non-oncology, 13% are female. Demographics, income, and practice characteristics between these groups are shown in the Table below. Conclusions: Females appear to be relatively under-represented in urologic oncology, with lower income among women both in oncology and non-oncology fields. [Table: see text]

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RESULTS: Of 26.5 million pediatric hospitalizations during the study period, 40,084 overall (150 per 100,000) were for UUTC. Crude and adjusted rates of pediatric hospital admission for UUTC decreased significantly between 2001 and 2012 (p < 0.0001 for each). Total number of all-cause hospitalizations also decreased during this period, but to a lesser degree than for UUTC. Surgical procedures were conducted in 17,646 (44.0%) of overall hospitalizations for UTUC, with significantly increasing frequency over the study interval (p<0.0001). Urinary tract drainage was the most frequently performed surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In analyzing nationwide data, the rate of pediatric hospitalization for UUTC has significantly decreased between 2001 and 2012, while the rate of surgical activity during hospitalization has significantly increased. Specific factors driving these trends warrant further investigation.

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