The Isolation of Spermine Phosphate from Semen and Testis

Abstract

IN the course of experimental work on "sperma crystals," extending over the last twenty years, I made an exhaustive study of the literature, as an outcome of which a new chapter must be added to the already remarkable history of an equally remarkable substance. According to the statements of the textbooks, accepted by all writers on the subject, these peculiar crystals were discovered by Bottcher [1865] in human semen and they have since been known as "Bottcher's crystals." Long before Bottcher, however, they were accurately described by Vauquelin [1791], and even this distinguished observer only rediscovered the crystals which, more than a hundred years before, had been seen and depicted by Leeuwenhoek [1678]. The passage describing the crystals occurs at the end of the famous communication to the Royal Society in which Leeuwenhoek announces the discovery of spermatozoa. The rough marginal sketch (see Fig. 1 Schreiner did not name the new substance, and it was known as " Schreiner's base" or " spermatin " for some time [see Thudichum, 1879; Fiirbringer, 1881]. The name "spermatine" had been previously used by Berzelius [1833] for a specific protein of semen, and the name " spermin," apparently first applied to the base by Ladenburg and Abel [1888] has since been in use.

Changes in the composition of the excurrent duct system of the rat testis during postnatal development

“…The morphology of the crystals was similar to those photographed by Rosenheim (1924). The prostatic secretion is the origin of spermine in human seminal plasma, and the rat prostate also contains high levels of spermine and spermidine (Rosenthal & Tabor, 1956).…”

The Effect of some Seminal Constituents and Related Substances on Diluted Mammalian Spermatozoa

“…Mann (1951b) has shown that cytochrome c is leached out of mammalian spermatozoa on storage and spermine phosphate is believed to be contributed to semen by the prostate (Rosenheim 1924;Harrison 1931Harrison , 1933Bolliger 1935). These substances could therefore be the active compounds of the spermatozoa and accessory fluid, respectively, referred to in the introduction.…”

The Spermine Phosphate-Bound Cyclooctaoxygen Sodium Epigenetic Shell of Euchromatin DNA Is Destroyed by the Epigenetic Poison Glyphosate

“…In all variations tested, including a blank control, AMPA was not oxidized by iodine, and, in turn, did not reduce (decolorize) iodine molecules. Therefore, the AMPA-catalysed destruction of cyclo-O8 was selective, and not a mere reduction of the tetraiodide I4 2-[(I-I-I-I) 2 and/or other color complex was formed, as was proved by the controls RC + KI + glyphosate (4) and RC + KI + glyphosate-Na (5) (Figure 9). The RC + KI + starch + glyphosate (2) solution was colored yellow by the strong acid glyphosate (Figure 9), through H + action onto starch producing the characteristic yellow dextrins [24].…”