The Iraqi and South African Nuclear Weapon Programs

Kelley, Robert E.

doi:10.1177/0967010696027001005

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One essential element is the management style prevailing in the laboratory or in a program. Research in STS and weapons development (Ben Ouagrham-Gormley & Vogel, 2010; Kelley, 1996) has shown that management styles that create a social environment conducive to knowledge transfer and learning (openness, unfettered communications, trust) are more likely to ensure progress in an experiment and innovation, while a management style that creates barriers to cooperation and collaboration impedes knowledge transfer and effective use. As a result, even with a higher level of skill, a facility with managers who favor secrecy and limited cooperation will not perform as well as a facility with fewer skills at the outset but with managers who promote the right kind of social environment.…”

Section: The Ttp Through the Lens Of Science And Technology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenges of technology translation are particularly high when there is a need to replicate past work and operate in a foreign environment, where cultural and language issues may be added to the mix. Foreign technical assistance in the field of weapons development provides several examples that aptly illustrate these points (Ben Ouagrham-Gormley, 2014; Kelley, 1996; Mackenzie & Spinardi, 1995). For example, Libya received extensive support from the covert nuclear supply network operated by Pakistani A. Q. Khan, in the form of centrifuges, bomb designs, and training, among other things.…”

Section: The Ttp Through the Lens Of Science And Technology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientists as spies?

Vogel

Ouagrham-Gormley

2022

Polit. life sci.

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In 2008, the Chinese government created the Thousand Talents Program (TTP) to recruit overseas expertise to build up China’s science and technology knowledge and innovation base. Ten years later, in 2018, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced a new “China Initiative” that aimed to counter the transfer by U.S.-based scientists involved in the TTP of knowledge and intellectual property that could support China’s military and economic might and pose threats to U.S. national security. This initiative launched a number of investigations into major U.S. federal funding agencies and universities and charged several scientists, many of them life scientists, with failing to accurately report their work and affiliations with Chinese entities and illegally transferring scientific information to China. Although the FBI cases demonstrate a clear problem with disclosure of foreign contracts and research integrity among some TTP recipients, they have failed to demonstrate any harm to U.S. national security interests. At the heart of this controversy are core questions that remain unresolved and need more attention: What is required to transfer and develop knowledge to further a country’s science and technology ambitions? And can the knowledge acquired by a visiting scientist be easily used to further a country’s ambitions? Drawing on literature from the field of science and technology studies, this article discusses the key issues that should be considered in evaluating this question in the Chinese context and the potential scientific, intelligence, and policy implications of knowledge transfer as it relates to the TTP.

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Section: The Ttp Through the Lens Of Science And Technology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ttp Through the Lens Of Science And Technology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientists as spies?

Vogel

Ouagrham-Gormley

2022

Polit. life sci.

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The Evolution of International Security Studies

2009

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International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This book provides the first intellectual history of the development of the subject in that period. It explains how ISS evolved from an initial concern with the strategic consequences of superpower rivalry and nuclear weapons, to its current diversity in which environmental, economic, human and other securities sit alongside military security, and in which approaches ranging from traditional Realist analysis to Feminism and Post-colonialism are in play. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS that will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, 'new agenda' or critical.

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The Threat of Nuclear Proliferation: Perception and Reality

Hymans¹

2013

Ethics int. aff.

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The followin is a compndium of several publications and undmred presentations which are either in the public domain or published wik the pemuuion of the aulhors.The conlents annot be and have not been verified by the University for security iWes or concerning any mpriet;lry infom2tion they ma contain The Univeisit : thus, mka no representations rvhtmever that the m a t e r i a l i n t ~ p u b ~ a t i o n c o n t n o r e s t r i c t e d o r ~ i f i e d ~ ~ n f o r m a t i o n o r ~ t it Lasbeendead forpublicationbylheUniversity orthatitcontainsno third-partyproprietarydata. ?his davment was p q a r e d ils an a w u n t of work sponsod by an a ency of the United Stales Government Neither the United States Gobemment nor the UniverSity of California nor an of their em$oyees, makes any xvamtv ap-or implied, or assumes any legal bbility or responsibility for Ihe accuracy compLenes, or usefulness of any informati06 apparatus, product, or proces dirlosed, or represents that its use would not infnn e privately owned rights. Refercncp herein to any s w c commercial product, p e s or A c e by bade name, hadmirk, mnukiaurer, or othenvk, does not nh-sriIy constitute or imply its endowment,-&endation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of Califorma. The viavs and opinions of authors express4 herein do not necesarilystate or d e d those of the Uniled Stales Government or the University of California, and shall notbeused foradvertLingorproductendorsement pu~posej d i z y x r t hasbeen reprodud m t h e k t availablecopy Available to DOE and WE conhctors fmm the Office ofsentific andTechnica1 Information P.O. Bos 62 Oak Rid e, TN 37831 PricgavailabIefmm (615) 5k3lOl,FE6wUlll Available to the public fmm the Nationa1Tefhnical InformationService US. De rtment of Commerce &Port Pa .ill Rd., Sprin&eld,dA PI61 Some recent developments in nuclear proliferation have been cause for alarm; namely, the confused situation regarding the nuclear weapon complex of the former Soviet Union that resulted from the fall of the Eastern Bloc, and the surprising discovery of Iraq's nuclear program despite its being a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). These phenomena not only reinforced a climate of worry during preparation for renewal of the NPT, but also led the United States to develop plans for a major new program in counterproliferation, including a program of missile defense (a revision of the previous Strategic Defense Initiative). Certainly, conditions that favor nuclear proliferation have increased. It should not necessarily be concluded, however, that these conditions will inevitably lead to a plague. A reasonable analysis of the situation is required. Specifically, two key questions must be answered: (1) Should nuclear proliferation be considered as the major danger of the future? and (2) What is the danger exactly? To respond, the following must be addressed: New factors contributing to proliferation must be identified and their credibility adjudged. The means and difficulties of producing ea...

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The Iraqi and South African Nuclear Weapon Programs

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Scientists as spies?

Scientists as spies?

The Evolution of International Security Studies

The Threat of Nuclear Proliferation: Perception and Reality

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