The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain—An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans

Abstract

Glyphosate-tolerant (GT) soybeans dominate the world soybean market. These plants have triggered increased use of, as well as increased residues of, glyphosate in soybean products. We present data that show farmers have doubled their glyphosate applications per season (from two to four) and that residues of late season spraying of glyphosate (at full bloom of the plant) result in much higher residues in the harvested plants and products. GT soybeans produced on commercial farms in the USA, Brazil and Argentina accumulate in total an estimated 2500–10,000 metric tonnes of glyphosate per year, which enter global food chains. We also review studies that have compared the quality of GT soybeans with conventional and organic soybeans. Feeding studies in Daphnia magna have shown dose-related adverse effects (mortality, reduced fecundity and delayed reproduction) of glyphosate residues in soybeans, even at glyphosate concentrations below allowed residue levels. We argue that GT soybeans need to be tested in fully representative and realistic contexts. However, the current risk assessment system has only required and received data from field trials with beans that were sprayed with much lower doses of glyphosate as compared to contemporary commercial farms. This has left knowledge gaps and a potentially serious underestimation of health risks to consumers.

Retracted: Deceptology in cancer and vaccine sciences: Seeds of immune destruction‐mini electric shocks in mitochondria: Neuroplasticity‐electrobiology of response profiles and increased induced diseases in four generations – A hypothesis

“…Often, credible sci- gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ § § § § § § § https://pfe-pfizercom-d8-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/2020-09/C4591001_Clinical_Protocol.pdf entific information that is prepared by scientists who work in the government or academia are ignored, dismissed or abused when members of the establishment decide to publicize drugs or vaccines of their choice. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13]17,18,34,[36][37][38][39]64,69,71,77,94,143,149,169,172,176,178,[180][181][182][183][184][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197] In general, diversities and extent of immune disorders [acute inflammatory res...…”

“…These ingredients are additional foreign agents that overwhelm the immune system (see below). The ingredients that are perceived as 'natural' [eg, fetal serum, clumps of tissue/organ or DNA particles, proteins-peptides (eg, ovalbumin, egg † † † † † † † † Government Corruption AUGUST 20, 2020 1,4,5,8,12,14,17,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]50,58,[61][62][63][64][66][67][68]70,71,141,144,148,152,153,156,165,167,168 (Figures 3-5).…”

“…36,72,84,85,91,92,153,183 Excess amount of copper (free) could be detrimental to respiratory chain reactions and generation of toxic hydroxyl radicals (HO 0 ) causing oxidative damage not only to mitochondria, but also other extracellular-intracellular proteins or nucleic acids and lipids (Fenton reaction) and tissue oxido-redox potentials. 1,5,14,20,29,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]53,55,72,73,78,84,85,[88][89][90][91][92]155,182,183 Furthermore, copper and Zn +2 (another trace element and antioxidant) are involved in detoxifying mitochondrial ROS and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) activities, regulation of Cu-mediated production of O 2 /ROS. Related studies suggest that trace elements (Cu, zinc, Fe), influence regulations of transport of triglycerides in gastrointestinal tract and are important in the function of red blood cells and endoplasmic reticulum activities.…”

“…Professionals with financial ties to government and industry often label views of independent and competent professionals as a 'threat' to public health! [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]12,13,[15][16][17]22,34,71,142,145,167,196,[205][206][207] (unpublished observations). Often independent, highly competent, and concerned professionals who are frustrated with the diseased condition of the money-driven mentality of the medical system discuss or publish their views on different sites on Internet.…”

Effects of parental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides on embryonic development and oxidative status: a long-term experiment in a bird model

“…In particular, the estimated amount of glyphosate introduced into the food chain through genetically modified, i.e. glyphosate tolerant crops (such as soybeans) add up to several thousands of metric tonnes yearly 7 . Consequently, different regulatory authorities heatedly debate the effects of GBH in our ecosystems.…”