“…At different stages of life, fundamental pathways that profoundly influence activities of mitochondria and immunity (tissue growth and necrosis) include pathways that are involved in constituent and inducible receptors (pattern recognition molecules) and related enzymes [eg, pyruvate kinases (PKM1, for muscle, heart or brain function; PKM2 (embryonic tissues); PKL (liver), PKR (erythrocyte)] or diverse insulin Rs; ARNT-HIF-1; histidine-histamine Rs and numerous other receptors that contribute to posttranslational regulation, architectural integrities and function of tissues (eg, proton pumps, cation-anion transporters, water channels, surface molecules, growth or apoptotic factors). For example, numerous receptor molecules contribute to visual transduction, bone and lipid biosynthesis, bioenergetics, cellular infiltration, differentiation and growth, nuclear/chromosomal or chromatin activities, neuronal pathways and pattern recognition of pathogens or foreign elements and are involved in tissue necrosis (degeneration) or growth (regeneration) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”