The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals

Jian, Zonghui; Zeng, Li; Xu, Taojie; Sun, Shuai; Yan, Shixiong; Zhao, Sumei; Su, Zhengchang; Ge, Chao; Zhang, Yunmei; Jia, Jun-Jing; Dou, Tengfei

doi:10.1111/jam.15740

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, hyperlipidemia–induced dysbiosis can lead to disorder of the local immune system, accompanied by production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL–1β, IL–6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α, and adipokines such as leptin in addition to increasing the intestinal permeability [ 28 ]. Furthermore, it affects the microglia in the brain through “gut–brain axis” leading to neuroinflammation, which in time affects the satiety centers, decreasing the anorexia hormones and producing more craving for food intake and excess body weight [ 29 ]. Additionally, the metabolites of gut microbiota act as a signaling pathway in lipid homeostasis [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 Improves Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota, Reducing Systemic Inflammatory Response, and Promoting Sphingomholipid Metabolism

Feng

Ding

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Dysbiosis is a crucial manifestation of dyslipidemia; however, oral supplementation of probiotic modulates the intestinal commensal composition. The protective mechanism of probiotics against hyperlipidemia is still under investigation. To elucidate the hypolipidemic effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 through the analysis of gut microbiota and lipid metabolomics, we investigated changes in gut microbiota and lipid metabolomic phenotypes in mice by real time quantitative PCR and untargeted metabolomics analysis. High fat diet−induced dyslipidemia mice were orally administered with TR08 for 8 weeks. The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin−2 and interferon−γ) levels in spleen and aortic wall injury in the mice fed with a high-fat diet were inhibited after treatment with TR08 at 1 × 108 CFU per day per mouse. TR08 also reshaped the gut microbiota with increases of the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, reduced the abundance of the pro−pathogen bacterial Enterococcus, increased the serum level of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents, and promoted sphingomholipid metabolic pathway. The results indicated that TR08 could improve the intestinal microbiota of mice to increase the production of SCFAs, and then play the anti−inflammation induced by hyperlipidemia and reduce the inflammatory injury of blood vessel wall. Therefore, TR08 can potentially be used as a hypolipidemic effect probiotic in further interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 Improves Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota, Reducing Systemic Inflammatory Response, and Promoting Sphingomholipid Metabolism

Feng

Ding

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Dietary lipids majorly include triglycerides with smaller quantities of phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid‐soluble vitamins (Iqbal & Hussain, 2009 ; Jian et al., 2022 ). Lipids are majorly assimilated in the small intestine with the aid of liver‐derived bile salts.…”

Section: Macronutrient Metabolism By the Gut Microbiota And The Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive dynamics: Unveiling interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in macronutrient metabolism and hepatic metabolic health

Kandalgaonkar,

Kumar,

Vijay‐Kumar

2024

Physiological Reports

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Although the liver is the largest metabolic organ in the body, it is not alone in functionality and is assisted by “an organ inside an organ,” the gut microbiota. This review attempts to shed light on the partnership between the liver and the gut microbiota in the metabolism of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). All nutrients absorbed by the small intestines are delivered to the liver for further metabolism. Undigested food that enters the colon is metabolized further by the gut microbiota that produces secondary metabolites, which are absorbed into portal circulation and reach the liver. These microbiota‐derived metabolites and co‐metabolites include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, short‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine N‐oxide. Further, the liver produces several compounds, such as bile acids that can alter the gut microbial composition, which can in turn influence liver health. This review focuses on the metabolism of these microbiota metabolites and their influence on host physiology. Furthermore, the review briefly delineates the effect of the portosystemic shunt on the gut microbiota–liver axis, and current understanding of the treatments to target the gut microbiota–liver axis.

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“…Dysbiosis can promote the translocation of bacterial products such as LPS, which are also known as endotoxins into the liver, leading to inflammation and the development of FLD. Studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism [ 140 ]. Dysbiosis during viral infections can lead to impaired lipid metabolism, promoting fat accumulation in the liver [ 141 ].…”

Section: Role Of Host Microbiota In Susceptibility To Viral Infection...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.

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The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals

Cited by 10 publications

References 127 publications

Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 Improves Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota, Reducing Systemic Inflammatory Response, and Promoting Sphingomholipid Metabolism

Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 Improves Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota, Reducing Systemic Inflammatory Response, and Promoting Sphingomholipid Metabolism

Digestive dynamics: Unveiling interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in macronutrient metabolism and hepatic metabolic health

The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

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