Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 Improves Dyslipidemia in Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet by Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota, Reducing Systemic Inflammatory Response, and Promoting Sphingomholipid Metabolism

Abstract

Dysbiosis is a crucial manifestation of dyslipidemia; however, oral supplementation of probiotic modulates the intestinal commensal composition. The protective mechanism of probiotics against hyperlipidemia is still under investigation. To elucidate the hypolipidemic effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus TR08 through the analysis of gut microbiota and lipid metabolomics, we investigated changes in gut microbiota and lipid metabolomic phenotypes in mice by real time quantitative PCR and untargeted metabolomics analysis. High fat diet−induced dyslipidemia mice were orally administered with TR08 for 8 weeks. The proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin−2 and interferon−γ) levels in spleen and aortic wall injury in the mice fed with a high-fat diet were inhibited after treatment with TR08 at 1 × 108 CFU per day per mouse. TR08 also reshaped the gut microbiota with increases of the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, reduced the abundance of the pro−pathogen bacterial Enterococcus, increased the serum level of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents, and promoted sphingomholipid metabolic pathway. The results indicated that TR08 could improve the intestinal microbiota of mice to increase the production of SCFAs, and then play the anti−inflammation induced by hyperlipidemia and reduce the inflammatory injury of blood vessel wall. Therefore, TR08 can potentially be used as a hypolipidemic effect probiotic in further interventions.

A Newly Synbiotic Combination Alleviates Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota–Fat Axis and Inhibiting the Hepatic TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

“…In addition, the synbiotic combination restored the increase in Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota by HFD feeding. [ 82–85 ] At the family level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was obviously enhanced in Syn‐group. Meanwhile, Deferribacteraceae and Peptostreptococcaceae , [ 86–88 ] two potential pathogenic bacteria that are intimately linked to inflammation and fat accumulation, were reduced by the synbiotic treatment.…”

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate 5-Fluorouracil-Induced THP-1 Cell Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling via Glycerolphospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism

“…The total RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT−PCR) were performed according to the standard protocol described by Feng et al [ 57 ]. Total RNA was purified from THP-1 cells using Trizol method, and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription with oligo (dT)n as a primer.…”

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism

“…The experimental methods employed were based on those reported by Feng et al [ 55 ], and the experimental process is as follows. Total RNA was extracted from mouse livers and spleens via the Trizol method and reverse-transcribed into cDNA (Vazyme, Nanjing, China).…”

“…In this study, the untargeted metabolomics analysis and the determination of the three main SCFAs in mouse plasma were conducted according to Fen et al’s report [ 55 ]. A total of 50 mg of colon contents and 400 μL of extract solution (methanol: double steaming water = 4:1) were mixed, and the mixture was crushed on ice with a tissue crusher.…”