The Interplay Between the Abstract and the Particular: Research Ethics Standards and the Practice of Research as Symbolic

Abstract

Ethical standards for research with human participants are increasingly important. With respect to nursing research these standards are symbolic of the interplay between the abstract theoretical aspects of bioethical standards and the particulars of nursing practice. In this column, this interplay is symbolized as a reflective equilibrium. These standards are argued to symbolize not only the dialectic relationship between the abstract and the particular in ethics, but also the general lack of a nursing specific articulation of ethical standards. Further understanding of the distinctiveness of nurses' moral judgments and knowledge is presented as necessary in strengthening the reflective equilibrium.

Confidentiality, anonymity and amnesty for midwives in distress seeking online support – Ethical?

“…Generally, ethical decision-making within the nursing professions leans towards a favourable risk–benefit ratio. 97,98 Teleological approaches focus upon the final effects of human action. 99 Conversely, the wider philosophical approach of utilitarianism is founded upon the premise that an action is ethical if the outcomes of the action lead to the greatest benefits for society at large with the fewest possible negative consequences.…”

“…Generally, ethical decision-making within the nursing professions leans toward a favourable risk-benefit ratio 97,98 . Teleological approaches focus upon the final effects of human action 99 .…”