The interplay between muscle mass decline, obesity, and type 2 diabetes

Maliszewska, Katarzyna; Adamska-Patruno, Edyta; Krętowski, Adam

doi:10.20452/pamw.15025

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…All these reports and observations support the findings of our study. 17,18 Since the prevalence of obesity is rising and usually sarcopenia associated with obesity is not taken into consideration we need ling term prospective studies that would specifically target and aim at sarcopenia prevention strategies, to prevent sarcopenic obesity and its metabolic consequences through exercise and diet programs. 16 Skeletal muscle mass makes the major proportion of body organs responsible for glucose disposal after meals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Sarcopenia Coexisting with High Adiposity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Saudi Adult Men</p>

Habib¹,

Alkahtani²,

Alhussain³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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The associations between sarcopenia, adiposity indices and metabolic dysregulation still remain controversial. We aimed to assess and compare insulin resistance and metabolic profile in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic obese Saudi adult men. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the College of Sports Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh. We recruited 312 Saudi adult male individuals and 288 were finally selected for the study. Body composition analysis and hand grip strength (HGS) were estimated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dynamometer in all subjects, respectively. Fasting blood samples were collected for glucose (FBG), basal insulin (BI) and lipid profile. The subjects were divided into three groups based on the body composition parameters, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and body fat percentage (BF%), into non-obese (NonOb) [Normal ALM+<25 BF%], obese without sarcopenia (ObNonS) [Normal ALM+>25 BF%] and obese with sarcopenia (ObS) [Low ALM+>25 BF%]. Results: Obese subjects had significantly higher BI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β compared to non-obese. Moreover, comparison between two obese groups revealed that both BI and HOMA-IR levels were higher in ObS subjects compared to ObNonS individuals revealing that sarcopenia exacerbates the insulin resistance profile. There was a significant trend of higher resistance and lower sensitivity from non-obese to obesity with sarcopenia. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in sarcopenic obese subjects compared to non-sarcopenic obese individuals. The worsening effects were more significant at cutoff point of 7.46 on insulin indices and lipid profile showing that sarcopenia associated with obesity exacerbates the dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Our study shows that obesity associated with sarcopenia exhibits significantly greater insulin resistance and dyslipidemia than sarcopenia or obesity per se. Therefore, sarcopenic obesity might be an independent risk factor for metabolic disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Sarcopenia Coexisting with High Adiposity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Saudi Adult Men</p>

Habib¹,

Alkahtani²,

Alhussain³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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“…The removal or sympathetic denervation of murine BAT enhances hypertriglyceridemia and obesity [58]. Serum hypertriglyceridemia with subsequent storage in WAT (ectopically stored in skeletal muscle and the liver) reduced the insulin sensitivity of these organs and increased the risk of T2D [59]. Brown adipocyte clear serum from TG is used to refill the lipid stores used for non-shivering thermogenesis.…”

Section: Bat Obesity and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis

Maliszewska

Krętowski

2021

IJMS

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The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its unique protein uncoupling protein 1 (UPC1) in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach to increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting in heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat and increases the metabolic rate, promoting a negative energy balance. Moreover, BAT alleviates metabolic complications like dyslipidemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to explore the role of BAT in total energy expenditure, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis, and to discuss new possible activators of brown adipose tissue in humans to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.

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“…This might result from significantly lower body weight, but these parameters were associated with lower FFM and SMM, without any differences in total body fat content and distribution. Lower muscle mass is also associated with lower insulin sensitivity and disturbances in glucose homeostasis [15,34]. Nevertheless, the TT-genotype carriers, despite having lower fat-free mass and muscle mass, presented more favorable results for glucose homeostasis parameters when dietary carbohydrates provided >48% of daily energy intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Macronutrient Intake May Influence the Effects of TCF7L2 rs7901695 Genetic Variants on Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity-Related Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

et al. 2021

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Transcription factor-7–like 2 (TCF7L2) is one of the most important susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of our cross-sectional population-based study was to analyze whether daily macronutrient intake may influence the effects of the TCF7L2 rs7901695 genotype on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters. We recruited 810 participants (47.5% men and 52.5% women), 18–79 years old (mean age, 42.1(±14.5) years), who were genotyped for the common TCF7L2 rs7901695 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and anthropometric measurements, body composition, body fat distribution (visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) content), blood glucose and insulin concentrations after fasting and during OGTTs, and HbA1c were assessed. The VAT/SAT ratio, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), HOMA-B (homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function), and CIR30 (corrected insulin response) were calculated. The daily macronutrient intake was evaluated based on 3-day food-intake diaries. Daily physical activity was evaluated based on a validated questionnaire. We performed ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests, and multivariate linear regression models were created to evaluate the effects of dietary macronutrient intake on glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters in carriers of the investigated genotypes. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03792685. The TT-genotype carriers stratified to the upper protein intake quantiles presented higher HbA1c levels than the CT- and CC-genotype participants in the same quantiles (p = 0.038 and p = 0.022, respectively). Moreover, we observed higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.014), as well as significantly higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, during the OGTTs for those in the upper quantiles, when compared to subjects from the lower quantiles of protein intake, while the CC-genotype carriers presented significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.033) and significantly higher CIR30 (p = 0.03). The linear regression models revealed that an increase in energy derived from proteins in TT carriers was associated with higher HbA1c levels (β = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.01–0.74, p = 0.05)), although, in general, carrying the TT genotype, but without considering protein intake, showed an opposite tendency—to lower HbA1c levels (β = −0.22 (95% CI: 0.47 to −0.01, p = 0.05). Among the subjects stratified to the lower quantile of carbohydrate intake, the TT-genotype individuals presented higher HbA1c (p = 0.041), and the CC-genotype subjects presented higher VAT (p = 0.033), lower SAT (p = 0.033), and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.034). In both the CC- and TT-genotype carriers, we noted higher VAT (p = 0.012 and p= 0.0006, respectively), lower SAT (p = 0.012 and p= 0.0006, respectively) and higher VAT/SAT ratios (p = 0.016 and p= 0.00062, respectively) when dietary fat provided more than 30% of total daily energy intake, without any differences in total body fat content. Our findings suggest that associations of the common TCF7L2 SNP with glucose homeostasis and obesity-related parameters may be dependent on daily macronutrient intake, which warrants further investigations in a larger population, as well as interventional studies.

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The interplay between muscle mass decline, obesity, and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

<p>Sarcopenia Coexisting with High Adiposity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Saudi Adult Men</p>

<p>Sarcopenia Coexisting with High Adiposity Exacerbates Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia in Saudi Adult Men</p>

Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis

Dietary Macronutrient Intake May Influence the Effects of TCF7L2 rs7901695 Genetic Variants on Glucose Homeostasis and Obesity-Related Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

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