The interpersonal circle and the emotional undercurrents of human sociability.

Abstract

My interest in the circumplex model of interpersonal traits started when I read Leary's (1957) Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality in the early 1970s. I was seeking a theoretical background to my dissertation topic, which concerned interpersonal responses given to a projective test styled after Rosenzweig's ( 1945) Picture Frustration Test. 1 was impressed-and still am-by the simultaneous richness and clarity of Leary's book: It offered a fascinatingly elaborate picture of the social side of personality and at the same time showed how the description could be derived from relatively few basic concepts and principles. Since then I have remained convinced that Leary's personality system, the interpersonal circle, as it is often called, carries within it some very important messages not only about personality dispositions but also about the basis of human sociability.Since the 1950s, the interpersonal circle has, in the main, retained the substance and structure that Leary and his colleagues gave to it (Freedman, Leary, Ossorio, & Coffey, 1951; Leary, 1957), although slightly alteredThe study was supported by the Social Science Research Council of the Academy of Finland. I wish to thank Ahti Jokinen for posing the photographed expressions, Raija Sassi for drawing the expression pictures, and Seppo Roponen for technical assistance.

Complementarity of Interpersonal Circumplex Traits

“…Tracey (1994) examined the validity of Carson's (1969) definition with Strong et al's (1988) orientation of dimensions versus Wiggins's (1979) definition of complementarity at the behavioral interchange level and found Carson's definition with Strong et al's orientation superior in accounting for complementary behavioral interchanges. This study extends this past research by increasing the number of alternative models examined (adding two more orientations, Leary's [1957] and Myllyniemi's [1997] and applying these to the trait level rather than the behavioral interchange level).…”

“…The complement would need to have a granting of love status to the other and removal of love and status Different definitions of complementarity. SOURCE: Leary (1957), Myllyniemi (1997), Strong et al (1988), and Wiggins (1995). NOTE: Complementary behaviors are indicated by dark, bold lines.…”

On the Asperger experience of interaction: Interpersonal dynamics in dyadic conversations

“…First, in line with the training protocol developed by [74] the observers were instructed to move the joystick to the correct location in the Cartesian plane in response to 16 interpersonal adjectives, such as warm, trusting, passive, unsociable, indifferent, critical, assertive and outgoing. Then, the observers carried out a similar exercise with images of facial expressions; the images were drawn from the study by [59], who has shown that the idea of the interpersonal circumplex applies also to facial expressions of emotion. Finally, the observers heard one-sentence-long verbal descriptions of interactional events, in response to which they needed to move the joystick to the correct location in the Cartesian plane (see the electronic Supplementary information).…”

Criminal Narrative Experience: Relating Emotions to Offence Narrative Roles During Crime Commission

“…Circumplex models have been used to describe other interpersonal domains including facial expressions (Myllyniemi, 1997), vocational interests (Tracey & Rounds, 1997), parent-child relations (Schaefer, 1997), social acuity or empathy (Gurtman, 1997) and social support (Wiggins & Trobst, 1997).…”