The International Response to Climate Change

Wiley, Lindsay F.; Gostin, Lawrence O.

doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1381

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This inequity will further exacerbate global health disparities (McMichael et al 2003; Patz and Olson 2006; Patz et al 2007; Wiley and Gostin 2009). High-risk areas include those already experiencing a scarcity of resources, environmental degradation, high rates of infectious disease, weak infrastructure, and overpopulation (Patz et al 2005; Wiley and Gostin 2009). In particular, tropical regions will experience significant changes in human–pathogen relationships because of climate change (Sattenspiel 2000).…”

Section: Climate Change and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Bush

Luber

Kotha

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundClimate change and associated increases in climate variability will likely further exacerbate global health disparities. More research is needed, particularly in developing countries, to accurately predict the anticipated impacts and inform effective interventions.ObjectivesBuilding on the information presented at the 2009 Joint Indo–U.S. Workshop on Climate Change and Health in Goa, India, we reviewed relevant literature and data, addressed gaps in knowledge, and identified priorities and strategies for future research in India.DiscussionThe scope of the problem in India is enormous, based on the potential for climate change and variability to exacerbate endemic malaria, dengue, yellow fever, cholera, and chikungunya, as well as chronic diseases, particularly among the millions of people who already experience poor sanitation, pollution, malnutrition, and a shortage of drinking water. Ongoing efforts to study these risks were discussed but remain scant. A universal theme of the recommendations developed was the importance of improving the surveillance, monitoring, and integration of meteorological, environmental, geospatial, and health data while working in parallel to implement adaptation strategies.ConclusionsIt will be critical for India to invest in improvements in information infrastructure that are innovative and that promote interdisciplinary collaborations while embarking on adaptation strategies. This will require unprecedented levels of collaboration across diverse institutions in India and abroad. The data can be used in research on the likely impacts of climate change on health that reflect India’s diverse climates and populations. Local human and technical capacities for risk communication and promoting adaptive behavior must also be enhanced.

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Section: Climate Change and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Bush

Luber

Kotha

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In recent years, public health literature has highlighted respiratory illness as a potential future health impact related to climate change. 3–7 However, projections of such health impacts remain uncommon for regional morbidity projections, such as asthma outcomes. 8 While some studies have modeled regional climate change–related mortality 9, 10 and global morbidity, 11, 12 no models to date have produced regional projections of future pediatric asthma related to climate-driven changes in the U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Regional Climate Change Effects on Ground-Level Ozone and Childhood Asthma

Sheffield¹,

Knowlton²,

Carr³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Background The adverse respiratory effects of ground-level ozone are well-established. Ozone is the air pollutant most consistently projected to increase under future climate change. Purpose To project future pediatric asthma emergency department visits associated with ground-level ozone changes, comparing 1990s to 2020s. Methods This study assessed future numbers of asthma emergency department visits for children aged 0–17 years using (1) baseline New York City metropolitan area emergency department rates, (2) a dose–response relationship between ozone levels and pediatric asthma emergency department visits, and (3) projected daily 8-hour maximum ozone concentrations for the 2020s as simulated by a global-to-regional climate change and atmospheric chemistry model. Sensitivity analyses included population projections and ozone precursor changes. This analysis occurred in 2010. Results In this model, climate change could cause an increase in regional summer ozone-related asthma emergency department visits for children aged 0–17 years of 7.3% across the New York City metropolitan region by the 2020s. This effect diminished with inclusion of ozone precursor changes. When population growth is included, the projections of morbidity related to ozone are even larger. Conclusions The results of this analysis demonstrate that the use of regional climate and atmospheric chemistry models make possible the projection of local climate change health effects for specific age groups and specific disease outcomes – such as emergency department visits for asthma. Efforts should be made to improve on this type of modeling to inform local and wider-scale climate change mitigation and adaptation policy.

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“…Adaptation includes steps taken to adjust to or compensate for the effects of global warming, such as making preparations for tropical storms, floods, and heat waves; protecting coastal regions from rising sea levels; developing and growing drought-resistant crops; increasing drinking water supplies; and enhancing infectious diseases surveillance and response [7,13,14].…”

Section: Responding To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Geoengineering: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?

Resnik

Vallero²

2013

J Earth Sci Climat Change

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Some engineers and scientists recently have suggested that it would be prudent to consider engaging in geoengineering to mitigate global warming. Geoengineering differs from other methods for mitigating global warming because it involves a deliberate effort to affect the climate at a global scale. Although geoengineering is not a new idea, it has taken on added significance as a result of difficulties with implementing other proposals to mitigate climate change. While proponents of geoengineering admit that it can have significant risks for the environment and public health, many maintain that it is worth pursuing, given the failure of other means of mitigating global warming. Some environmental groups have voiced strong opposition to all forms of geoengineering. In this article, we examine arguments for and against geoengineering and discuss some policy options. We argue that specific geoengineering proposals should not be implemented until there is good evidence concerning their safety, efficacy, and feasibility, as well as a plan for oversight. International cooperation and public input should also be sought. Other methods for mitigating global warming should be aggressively pursued while geoengineering is under consideration. The promise of an engineering solution to global warming should not be used as an excuse to abandon or cut back current, climate mitigation efforts.

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The International Response to Climate Change

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Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Impacts of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Impacts of Climate Change on Public Health in India: Future Research Directions

Modeling of Regional Climate Change Effects on Ground-Level Ozone and Childhood Asthma

Geoengineering: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?

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