The International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on age determination in high-level young athletes

Abstract

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Examination of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis using magnetic resonance imaging. New insights for age estimation in young footballers in FIFA tournaments

“…However, application of the results of this development is not restricted to conventional medical and legal contexts. Thus, the methods used to clarify the stated age of living individuals are also gaining increasing significance in the organisation of elite sporting competitions [7]. In this context, it is the primary responsibility of international sporting federations to guarantee by means of age divisions that all participants enjoy the equal opportunities required for ethical reasons.…”

Age Estimation in Living Individuals

“…Furthermore, it became necessary to estimate the age of suspects whose date of birth had not been confirmed in order to determine the age of criminal responsibility and/or to determine whether criminal law for adults was applicable. An additional category is age evaluation in competitive sports to ensure that athletes are competing within an age-appropriate banding for the sake of both fairness and health protection (Dvorak 2009;Engebretsen et al 2010). Age estimation can also be carried out to clarify pension claims if the employee claims to be older than documented in his or her identity papers (RitzTimme et al 2002).…”

A comparison of Age Average of Iranian Medal Winners in Olympic and Asian Games to their Counterparts from Selected Countries

“…Age plays a determinant role in the comprehensive planning of scouting and development of programs for reaching one's performance peak, which in turn is influenced by a number of factors such as sex, environment and characteristics of the target sport. Weight lifting for instance, requires reaching one's peak in strength which occurs in the 20 -30 years age range; while in some athletic disciplines such as shooting, car racing, golf and billiards, the peak period is observed in older ages as speed and strength are overshadowed by experience and practice (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).…”

“…They found that the age curve of peak performance rose between ages 19 to 27 and dropped afterwards. This has been associated with the interaction between experience, physiological capacity and motivation levels (3 (8)(9)(10)(11).…”