The Interference of Flexible Working Times with the Utility of Time: A Predictor of Social Impairment?

Wirtz, Anna; Giebel, Ole; Schomann, Carsten; Nachreiner, Friedhelm

doi:10.1080/07420520802114086

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Individual rhythms could have averaged out in the aggregate data if there were large inter-individual differences in circadian phase, although this may not be likely as the range of circadian phases in healthy normals covers a relatively small portion of the 24 h day (Kerkhof & Van Dongen, 1996). Furthermore, in the absence of information on the shift patterns worked by the reporters, we have assumed that workers were diurnally adjusted, consistent with findings that even permanent night shiftworkers rarely exhibit adjustment to a nighttime schedule (Folkard, 2008) and social rhythms outside work remain as powerful influences (Wirtz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Circadian Rhythm in Skill-Based Errors in Aviation Maintenance

Hobbs

Williamson

Dongen

2010

Chronobiology International

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In workplaces where activity continues around the clock, human error has been observed to exhibit a circadian rhythm, with a characteristic peak in the early hours of the morning. Errors are commonly distinguished by the nature of the underlying cognitive failure, particularly the level of intentionality involved in the erroneous action. The Skill-Rule-Knowledge (SRK) framework of Rasmussen is used widely in the study of industrial errors and accidents. The SRK framework describes three fundamental types of error, according to whether behavior is under the control of practiced sensori-motor skill routines with minimal conscious awareness; is guided by implicit or explicit rules or expertise; or where the planning of actions requires the conscious application of domain knowledge. Up to now, examinations of circadian patterns of industrial errors have not distinguished between different types of error. Consequently, it is not clear whether all types of error exhibit the same circadian rhythm. A survey was distributed to aircraft maintenance personnel in Australia. Personnel were invited to anonymously report a safety incident and were prompted to describe, in detail, the human involvement (if any) that contributed to it. A total of 402 airline maintenance personnel reported an incident, providing 369 descriptions of human error in which the time of the incident was reported and sufficient detail was available to analyze the error. Errors were categorized using a modified version of the SRK framework, in which errors are categorized as skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based, or as procedure violations. An independent check confirmed that the SRK framework had been applied with sufficient consistency and reliability. Skill-based errors were the most common form of error, followed by procedure violations, rule-based errors, and knowledge-based errors. The frequency of errors was adjusted for the estimated proportion of workers present at work/each hour of the day, and the 24 h pattern of each error type was examined. Skill-based errors exhibited a significant circadian rhythm, being most prevalent in the early hours of the morning. Variation in the frequency of rule-based errors, knowledge-based errors, and procedure violations over the 24 h did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that during the early hours of the morning, maintenance technicians are at heightened risk of "absent minded" errors involving failures to execute action plans as intended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Circadian Rhythm in Skill-Based Errors in Aviation Maintenance

Hobbs

Williamson

Dongen

2010

Chronobiology International

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“…This composition of participants may explain why we did not Wnd an eVect on health outcomes. Still, it is surprising that the intervention did not aVect the frequency of work-family conXicts because especially evening and weekend work is thought to cause social desynchronization (Wirtz et al 2008). In subgroup A, we found a decrease from 32 to 25% in the frequency of participants who reported work-family conXicts with respect to time while we found an increase from 17 to 23% in the reference group (group ¤ time p = 0.588; OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.13-2.38; Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of work-time influence on health and well-being: a quasi-experimental intervention study among eldercare workers

Nabe‐Nielsen

Garde

Diderichsen

2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…Adjustment to the night shift is known to be much more difficult than to other shifts that do not require night duty (Folkard, 2008;Reinberg et al, 2007). In fact, few if any workers fully adjust to the night shift, because of direct disruption of the rest/activity pattern, desynchronization of the circadian system, and disruption of the 24 h pattern of socialization (Burch et al, 2005;Folkard, 2008;Giebel et al, 2008;Reinberg et al, 1984;Reinberg and Ashkenazi, 2008;Weibel et al, 1996;Wirtz et al, 2008). Although excessive sleepiness was most frequent among those involved in arrangements that mandated nighttime work (i.e., NW and DENS), we found it was frequent among all the New York state work groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Consequences of Shiftworking on Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Sleep Attacks

Ohayon

Smolensky

Roth

2010

Chronobiology International

153

100

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Rotating shift and permanent night work arrangements are known to compromise sleep. This study examined the effects of work schedule on sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, sleep attacks, driving, and domestic/professional accidents. A representative sample of the general population of the state of New York--3,345 individuals > or = 18 yrs of age--was interviewed by telephone regarding their sleep and psychiatric and organic disorders. Multivariate models were applied to derive odds ratios (OR) after adjustment for age, sex, physical illness, mental disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep duration. On average (+/-SE), workers slept 6.7 +/- 1.5 h, but 40% slept < 6.5 h/main sleep episode. Short-sleep duration (< 6 h) was strongly associated with fixed night (OR: 1.7) and day-evening-night shiftwork arrangement (OR: 1.9). Some 20% of the workers manifested excessive sleepiness in situations requiring high attention, and it was associated with the fixed night (OR: 3.3) and day-evening-night work arrangements (OR: 1.5). Overall, 5% of the workers reported sleep attacks; however, they occurred three-times more frequently in the fixed night (15.3%) than other work arrangements (OR: 3.2). Driving accidents during the previous 12 months were reported by 3.6% of the workers and were associated with fixed night (OR: 3.9) and day-evening-night (OR: 2.1) work schedules. The findings of this study indicate that working outside the regular daytime hours was strongly associated with shorter sleep duration, sleepiness, and driving accident risk. Night work is the most disrupting, as it is associated with insufficient sleep during the designated rest span and excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks during the span of activity, with an associated consequence being increased driving accident risk.

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The Interference of Flexible Working Times with the Utility of Time: A Predictor of Social Impairment?

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

A Circadian Rhythm in Skill-Based Errors in Aviation Maintenance

A Circadian Rhythm in Skill-Based Errors in Aviation Maintenance

The effect of work-time influence on health and well-being: a quasi-experimental intervention study among eldercare workers

Consequences of Shiftworking on Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Sleep Attacks

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