The interesting DNA-binding properties of three novel dinuclear Ru(II) complexes with varied lengths of flexible bridges

Synthesis, pH-induced “on–off–on” luminescence switching, and partially intercalative DNA-binding and DNA photocleavage properties of an β-d-allopyranoside-grafted ruthenium(II) complex

“…Instrumentations and methods for spectroscopic measurements and nucleic acid binding studies are same as before [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and shown in the Supplementary Materials.…”

“…In this regard, ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were extensively studied owing to their tunable photophysical, photochemical and redox properties [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. A lot of ruthenium(II) complexes with extended π organic ligands were reported to be classic DNA intercalators, and such structure-property relationships as the effects of the charge, planarity of the intercalative moiety, ancillary ligand, the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond, and the populations and energies of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and/or some virtual orbitals near LUMO on the DNA binding properties have been well revealed [18].…”

“…On the other hand, ruthenium complexes have attracted considerable attention as pH sensors in recent years due to their relative long excited-state lifetimes, high luminescence quantum yields, and rather sensitivity of their ground-and excited state properties to environmental pHs [8][9][10][11][12][13][41][42][43][44][45]. There has been increasing need for monitoring pH values in many chemical and biological processes, and clinical and environmental-protection analyses [46].…”

Spectroscopic Evaluation of DNA–Borate Interactions

“…Molecules capable of intercalating with DNA strands displace EtBr moieties already present in these locations, which results in changes in the maximum absorbance of EtBr-bound DNA and yields information about the binding mode of the molecule in question [22].…”

Synthesis, DNA binding and photocleavage, and cellular uptake of an alkyl chain-linked dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex

“…The interest in classic intercalation was also stimulated by Barton's pioneering work on [Ru(L) 2 (dppz)] 2+ {where L is 2,2 0 -bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dppz is dipyrido[3,2-a:2 0 ,3 0 -c]phenazine}, which function as ''Molecular Light Switches'' for DNA in aqueous solution due to the intercalation of dppz into the base pairs of DNA [3]. A lot of polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes have emerged with structural modification in the chelating ligands based not only on modified dppz [5,6] but also on modified dipyrido[2,2-d:2 0 ,3 0 -f]quinoxaline (dpq) [7][8][9] and 1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline (Hip) [10]. However, the other DNA binding modes need more exploration for structurefunction relationship.…”