The Interaction of State Repression, Protest Form and Protest Sponsor Strength During the Transition from Communism in Minsk, Belarus, 1990-1995

Titarenko, Larissa; McCarthy, John; McPhail, Clark; Augustyn, Boguslaw

doi:10.17813/maiq.6.2.t1461545p3470856

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In response to repression, some movements may reduce their activities or refrain from any activities, or go underground to survive. Alternatively, other movements will continue and resist repression by adopting different strategies ( Earl and Soule, 2010 ; Moghadam and Gheytanchi, 2010 ; Titarenko et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: ‘Choice Points’: Windows To Look Into the Blackboxmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ‘the effect of repression’ toward ‘the response to repression’

Honari

2018

Current Sociology

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Scholars have long been interested in explaining the effect of state repression on political participation. Recent reviews of research on state repression highlighted contradictory findings about this effect, yet the core question is still debated: what accounts for the variation in the effects of repression? This article posits that, to make sense of the variation in repression’s effect on political participation, theorization needs to move toward predictions about individuals’ responses to repression. The article, thus, attempts to lay the foundations for such theorization by reviewing the scholarship on the relationship between repression and political participation through the lens of the strategic choices individuals can make. Seeing individuals as having agency and shifting focus to their responses to repression (1) offers a broader picture of the activities available to discontented people under repression and (2) provides a better account of the contentious politics occurring under repression. A number of strategies in response to repression are identified. The notion of ‘choice points’ is applied to formulate hypotheses about why or under what conditions people choose a particular strategy in response to repression. In doing so, this article outlines new avenues for empirical research on repression.

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Section: ‘Choice Points’: Windows To Look Into the Blackboxmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ‘the effect of repression’ toward ‘the response to repression’

Honari

2018

Current Sociology

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“…money, members, supplies, knowledge, and skills), then that tactic may be unavailable. “Staging a vigil with a small number of people requires comparatively fewer resources and less pre‐planning and coordination than does a large march that culminates in a rally with speakers…In short, the picket/vigil is ideally suited for small and weak challengers” (Titarenko et al , 145). Organizers must weigh these costs against the potential benefits they may bring.…”

Section: Rationalist Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organizers must weigh these costs against the potential benefits they may bring. Much research underscores the strategic dilemmas that shape activists' decisions and that represent an enduring problem for social movements (McCarthy and Zald, 1977;Tilly, 1978;Barkan, 1979;Downey, 1986;Koopmans, 1993;Lofland, 1996;Tarrow, 1998;Titarenko et al 2001;Meyer, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than other institutions, states have a greater capacity to channel protest due in part to their repressive capacity (Walker et al 2008). States effectively shape the relative costs and benefits of tactics through strategies of repression and facilitation (Kitschelt, 1986;Koopmans, 1993;Kriesi et al 1995;McAdam, 1996a;Tarrow, 1998;Titarenko et al 2001). Although the threat of repression raises the costs of protest (particularly disruptive and violent tactics), repression sometimes inflames protest (Lichbach and Gurr, 1981;DeNardo, 1985;Hirsch, 1990;Muller and Weede, 1990;Opp and Roehl, 1990;Larson and Soule, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social Movements and Tactical Choice

Larson

2013

Sociology Compass

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For much of the past 40 years, the study of social movement tactics has viewed organizers' choices as driven by a desire to maximize efficacy and efficiency within a context of scarce resources and structural constraints. As sociologists increasingly turned toward culture, a new orientation emerged to view tactical choice as a process of gathering, interpreting, and evaluating information within dynamic, uncertain, and often-contradictory contexts. The importance of the cultural turn has been amply demonstrated in studies of such things as identities, emotions, and collective action frames, but the full implications of its insights continue to be discovered. Four insights in particular warrant greater attention: many core concepts in the study of social movements have an interpretive, subjective, and contingent nature; tactics are a means of communication; social structures are imbued with culture, and culture is thoroughly structured; and social movements sometimes behave irrationally, and what appears to be irrational behavior often is in fact rational. I briefly discuss three areas of scholarship -collective identities, diffusion, and institutional fields -that demonstrate innovative ways that sociologists continue to combine and incorporate these insights and point the way toward a more sophisticated understanding of social movements and tactical choice.

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“…Demonstrations lend themselves to uniform cataloging because within democratic polities they have acquired strikingly standard forms. Political activists in polities exiting from socialism, furthermore, have regularly adopted demonstrations as a means of pressing and publicizing their claims~see, e.g., Beissinger 2001;Mueller 1997;Oberschall 1994;Titarenko, McCarthy, McPhail, and Augustyn 2001!. Students of democratic polities and of transitions from socialism have therefore used catalogs of demonstrations as evidence for change and variation in the actors and issues of popular politics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Event Catalogs as Theories

Tilly

2002

Sociological Theory

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All empirical social research rests, at least implicitly, on not one but two theories: a theory explaining the phenomenon under study, another theory explaining the generation of evidence concerning the phenomenon. The two theories necessarily interact, setting important constraints on each other. The second theory answers questions about how the phenomenon leaves traces, how analysts can observe those traces, and how analysts can reconstruct attributes, elements, causes, and effects of the phenomenon from those traces. As employed in studies of contentious politics, event catalogs raise all these questions. Competing conceptions of the phenomenon under study as protest, as collective violence, as collective action, as conflict, and as contentious claimmaking imply different measurement strategies. The strategy of aggregation follows plausibly from identification of the phenomenon as protest or violence, the strategy of incidence from most of the competing conceptions, the strategy of internal regularities only from treatments of the crucial phenomenon as collective action, conflict, or contentious claim-making.

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The Interaction of State Repression, Protest Form and Protest Sponsor Strength During the Transition from Communism in Minsk, Belarus, 1990-1995

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

From ‘the effect of repression’ toward ‘the response to repression’

From ‘the effect of repression’ toward ‘the response to repression’

Social Movements and Tactical Choice

Event Catalogs as Theories

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